Hubungan Kejadian Stunting dengan Perkembangan Motorik Kasar, Motorik Halus, dan Kognitif pada Balita di Desa Wedoroanom Kecamatan Driyorejo Kabupaten Gresik

The Relationship Between the Occurrence Of Stunting and The Development of Gross Motor Skills, Fine Motor Skills, and Cognitive Development in Toddlers in Wedoroanom Village, Driyorejo Subdistrict, Gresik Regency

stunting merupakan suatu kondisi gizi kronis pada balita ditandai dengan anak tersebut lebih pendek dibandingkan balita pada usia yang sama berdasarkan tinggi badan. Stunting dapat mempengaruhi gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ballita yang disebabkan oleh penyakit yang berulang dan kekurangan gizi kronis. Prevalensi stunting di Desa Wedoroanom termasuk dalam kategori tertinggi di Kecamatan Driyorejo Kabupaten Gresik mencapai 36%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian stunting, gambaran perkembangan motorik kasar, motorik halus, dan kognitif, serta untuk mengetahui hubungan kejaduan stunting dengan perkembangan motorik kasar, motorik halus, dan kognitif pada balita di Desa Wedoroanom Kecamatan Driyorejo Kabupaten Gresik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Responden penelitian ini 110 anak usia 12-60 bulan yang diperoleh dengan teknik convenience sampling. Data perkembangan balita dikumpulkan melalui observasi dengan mengggunakan kuisioner KPSP, sedangkan data balita stunting

dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran WHO antropometri. Analisis data untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel, dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square dan Odds Ratio. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan kejadian stunting dengan perkembangan motorik kasar (p-velue = 0,647), nilai OR=0,588 (95%CI=0,059-5,580) maka balita stunting mempunyai peluang 0,6 kali untuk mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan motorik kasar dibandingankan dengan balita tidak stunting. Terdapat hubungan kejadian stunting dengan perkembangan motorik halus (p-velue = 0,033), nilai OR=2,682 (95% 1,062-6,770) maka balita stunting mempunyai peluang 2,7 kali untuk mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan motorik halus dibandingankan dengan balita tidak stunting. Terdapat hubungan kejadian stunting dengan  perkembangan kognitif (p-velue = 0,004), nilai OR=3,235 (95% CI= 1,427-7,333) maka balita stunting mempunyai peluang 3,2 kali untuk mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan kognitif dibandingankan dengan balita tidak stunting. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubunga kejadian stunting dengan perkembangan fungsi motorik kasar pada balita, akan tetapi terdapat hubungan kejadian stunting dengan perkembangan motorik halus dan kognitif pada balita di Desa Wedoroanom Kecamatan Driyorejo Kabupaten Gresik.

Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition in toddlers, characterized by a child being shorter in height compared to other children of the same age. Stunting can affect growth and developmental disorders in toddlers, which are caused by recurrent illnesses and chronic nutritional deficiencies. The prevalence of stunting in Wedoroanom Village is among the highest in Driyorejo Subdistrict, Gresik Regency, reaching 36%. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of stunting, as well as the development of gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and cognitive abilities, and to determine the relationship between stunting and the development of gross motor, fine motor, and cognitive functions in toddlers in Wedoroanom Village, Driyorejo Subdistrict, Gresik Regency. This study is a quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach. The respondents were 110 children aged 12–60 months, selected through convenience sampling. Data on child development were collected through observation using the KPSP (Pre-Screening Developmental Questionnaire), while stunting data were collected through WHO anthropometric measurements. The relationship between variables was analyzed using the Chi-square test and Odds Ratio (OR). The results showed no significant relationship between stunting and gross motor development (p-value = 0.647), with an OR of 0.588 (95% CI = 0.059–5.580), indicating that stunted children were 0.6 times more likely to experience delays in gross motor development compared to non-stunted children. However, there was a significant relationship between stunting and fine motor development (p-value = 0.033), with an OR of 2.682 (95% CI = 1.062–6.770), indicating that stunted children were 2.7 times more likely to experience delays in fine motor development compared to non-stunted children. There was also a significant relationship between stunting and cognitive development (p-value = 0.004), with an OR of 3.235 (95% CI = 1.427–7.333), indicating that stunted children were 3.2 times more likely to experience delays in cognitive development compared to non-stunted children. In conclusion, this study found no significant relationship between stunting and gross motor development in toddlers, but there was a significant relationship between stunting and both fine motor and cognitive development in toddlers in Wedoroanom Village, Driyorejo Subdistrict, Gresik Regency.