PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF ECOLESSA “ECOSYSTEM LESSON APLICATION” BERBASIS MOBILE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN CRITICAL THINKING DALAM PELAJARAN IPAS MATERI EKOSISTEM PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE-BASED INTERACTIVE MEDIA ECOLESSA “ECOSYSTEM LESSON APPLICATION” TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN SCIENCE LESSONS ON ECOSYSTEM MATERIALS FOR GRADE V ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Penelitian pengembangan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas V pada materi ekosistem. Permasalahan tersebut disebabkan oleh proses pembelajaran yang masih berpusat pada pendidik sehingga peserta didik kurang dilibatkan secara aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, yang berdampak pada kurang berkembangnya keterampilan berpikir kritis. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkan media interaktif ECOLESSA berbasis android sebagai salah satu alternatif solusi untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Tujuan dari penelitian pengembangan ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan media interaktif ECOLESSA dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang meliputi tahap analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas ahli media, ahli materi, serta 32 peserta didik kelas VA SD Negeri 1 Balong. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui angket dan lembar tes berupa pre-test dan post-test. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis statistik dan nonstatistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media interaktif ECOLESSA dinyatakan valid berdasarkan hasil uji validasi oleh ahli media dengan persentase 93% dan ahli materi sebesar 96%, yang termasuk dalam kriteria valid tanpa revisi. Kepraktisan media diperoleh dari angket respon peserta didik dengan persentase 100% dan respon pendidik sebesar 97%, yang keduanya termasuk dalam kategori sangat praktis. Keefektifan media ditunjukkan oleh hasil ketuntasan belajar peserta didik yang mencapai persentase 100%, sehingga media dinyatakan sangat efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis terlihat pada setiap indikator, yaitu Elementary Clarification dan Inference sebesar 0,62 dengan kategori sedang, Basic Support sebesar 0,65 dengan kategori tinggi, Advance Clarification sebesar 0,75 kategori tinggi, serta Strategies and Tactics sebesar 0,86 kategori tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik berdasarkan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,76 dengan kriteria tinggi. Hasil uji Paired Sample T-Test menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 yang menandakan adanya perbedaan peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis antara pembelajaran menggunakan media dan tanpa media. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media interaktif ECOLESSA efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik, meskipun masih terdapat beberapa kendala pada masing-masing indikator yang dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan media selanjutnya.

Kata Kunci: Berpikir Kritis, Ekosistem, Multimedia Interaktif,

                       Media ECOLESSA

This development research is motivated by the low critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students in ecosystem material. This problem is caused by the learning process that is still centered on educators so that students are less actively involved in learning activities, which has an impact on the underdevelopment of critical thinking skills. Therefore, the Android-based ECOLESSA interactive media was developed as an alternative solution to improve students' critical thinking skills. The purpose of this development research is to determine the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of ECOLESSA interactive media in improving students' critical thinking skills. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects consisted of media experts, material experts, and 32 fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 1 Balong. Data collection techniques were carried out through questionnaires and test sheets in the form of pre-tests and post-tests. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical and non-statistical analysis techniques. The results of the study showed that the ECOLESSA interactive media was declared valid based on the results of the validation test by media experts with a percentage of 93% and material experts with a percentage of 96%, which is included in the valid criteria without revision. The practicality of the media was obtained from the student response questionnaire with a percentage of 100% and the educator's response of 97%, both of which are included in the very practical category. The effectiveness of the media is shown by the results of student learning completion which reached a percentage of 100%, so the media is declared very effective for use in learning. The increase in critical thinking skills is seen in each indicator, namely Elementary Clarification and Inference of 0.62 with a medium category, Basic Support of 0.65 with a high category, Advance Clarification of 0.75 with a high category, and Strategies and Tactics of 0.86 with a high category. Overall, the increase in students' critical thinking skills based on the N-Gain value of 0.76 with a high criterion. The results of the Paired Sample T-Test showed a significance value of 0.000 which indicates a difference in the increase in critical thinking skills between learning using media and without media. The findings of this study indicate that the ECOLESSA interactive media is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills, although there are still several obstacles in each indicator that can be the basis for further media development.

Keywords: Critical Thinking, Ecosystem, Interactive Multimedia, ECOLESSA Media.