Hubungan antara Pola Pemberian Makanan dan Pengetahuan Gizi Ibu dengan Kejadian Balita Stunting Usia 25-59 Bulan di Desa Sumber Kemuning, Kecamatan Tamanan, Kabupaten Bondowoso

The Correlation Between Feeding Patterns and Mother's Nutrition Knowledge with the Incidence of Stunting Toddlers Aged 25-59 Months in Sumber Kemuning Village, Tamanan District, Bondowoso Regency

Stunting merupakan sebuah kegagalan untuk mencapai potensi pertumbuhan seseorang yang dapat menyebabkan adanya gangguan di masa yang akan datang yakni mengalami kesulitan dalam mencapai perkembangan fisik dan kognitif yang optimal (WHO, 2014). Jumlah angka kejadian stunting di Desa Sumber Kemuning, kecamatan Tamanan sebesar 337 dari 2.000 balita (16,85%). Angka stunting ini dinilai cukup tinggi apabila dibanding dengan desa lain di Kecamatan Tamanan. Faktor yang menyebabkan kejadian stunting meliputi faktor langsung dan tidak langsung.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi dan pola pemberian makanan ibu dengan kejadian balita stunting usia 25-59 bulan di Desa Sumber Kemuning, Kecamatan Tamanan, Kabupaten Bondowoso. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki balita usia 25-59 bulan berjumlah 80 orang yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Pola pemberian makanan oleh ibu diukur menggunakan Child Feeding Questionaire (CFQ) dan pengetahuan gizi diukur menggunakan tes. Analisis hubungan antara variabel menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara pola makan dengan kejadian balita stunting (p= 0,000) dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi ibu dengan kejadian balita stunting di Desa Sumber Kemuning, Kecamatan Tamanan, Kabupaten Bondowoso (p= 0,281). Kader atau tenaga kesehatan diharapkan dapat memberikan penyuluhan kepada ibu balita terkait dengan gizi balita, serta melakukan evaluasi atas penyuluhan yang telah diberikan sebagai upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan stunting.

Stunting is a failure to achieve child's growth potential which can lead to future disturbances spesifically experiencing difficulties in achieving optimal physical and cognitive development (WHO, 2014). The number of stunting incidents in Sumber Kemuning Village, Tamanan subdistrict is 337 out of 2,000 children under five (16.85%). This stunting rate is considered quite high when compared with other villages in Tamanan District.  There are direct and indirect causes for stunting. The immediate causes are food intake and disease infection. Then, for indirect factors there are knowledge of maternal nutrition, level of education, sanitation facilities and access, and socio-economic. This study aims to analyze the correlation between nutritional knowledge and feeding patterns of mothers with the incidence of stunting toddlers aged 25-59 months in Sumber Kemuning Village, Tamanan District, Bondowoso Regency. This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were mothers with toddlers aged 25-59 months, totaling 270 people and a sample of 80 people was taken with the sampling technique using simple random sampling. The knowledge of nutrition and the pattern of feeding by the mother and the dependent variable is the incidence of stunting toddlers. Data were collected using a test, questionnaire, observation sheets, microtoise, and scales. Data analysis used Chi-square test. The results of the research show that there is a relationship between feeding patterns (p= 0.000) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers and there is no relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge (p= 0.281) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Sumber Kemuning Village, Tamanan District, Bondowoso Regency. Health workers are expected to provide education to mothers of toddlers regarding toddler nutrition, as well as evaluate the counseling that has been provided as an effort to prevent and overcome stunting.