ABSTRAK

MASJID AINUL YAQIN SUNAN GIRI:

Tinjauan Seni Bangunan, Ragam Hias,

dan Makna Simbolik

Nama                                    : Rizal Wahyu Bagas Pradana

NIM                                      : 15020124004

Program Studi                     : S-1

Jurusan                                 : Pendidikan Seni Rupa

Fakultas                               : Bahasa dan Seni

Nama Lembaga                  : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Pembimbing                       : Dra. Siti Mutmainah, M.Pd.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan seni bangunan, ragam hias, dan makna simbolik yang terdapat di Masjid Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan diuraikan secara deskriptif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui  observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Untuk mendapatkan data yang valid dilakukan triangulasi data dan informan review.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seni bangunan di Masjid Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri terdiri dari gapura, serambi, ruang utama, pawestren, ruang sholat peziarah, tempat wudhu, tempat istirahat, kamar mandi, Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA), kantor sekretariat, museum mini, dan perpustakaan. Sedangkan ragam hias yang terdapat di masjid ini antara lain: motif geometris, lung-lungan, sulur, patran, padma, tlacapan, saton, kebenan, wajikan, garuda, kala, sorotan, praba, banyu tetes, tepi awan, hiranyagarba, surya majapahit, dan mustaka. Beberapa seni bangunan dan ragam hias di Masjid Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri memiliki makna simbolik di dalamnya.

Secara umum fungsi utama seni bangunan di masjid ini yaitu sebagai kelengkapan sebuah masjid. Sedangkan ragam hias di masjid ini berfungsi untuk memperindah bangunan masjid. Akan tetapi, beberapa seni bangunan dan ragam hias di Masjid Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri memiliki makna simbolik di dalamnya. Makna simbolik tersebut diambil dari unsur-unsur seni bangunan dan ragam hias Hindu-Budha. Kemudian  unsur-unsur tersebut diolah kembali dengan cara mengubah atau mengembangkan bentuknya, disesuaikan dengan pedoman dalam Agama Islam yang tidak diperbolehkan menampilkan penggambaran makhluk hidup. Selain pengolahan dari segi bentuk, pengolahan makna simbolik Hindu-Budha ke Islam juga terdapat dalam pemaknaannya.  Makna simbolik Hindu-Budha diolah dan dikaitkan dengan ajaran-ajaran yang sesuai dengan agama Islam. Sehingga secara umum seni bangunan dan ragam hias di masjid ini memiliki kemiripan bentuk dengan seni bangunan dan ragam hias zaman Hindu-Budha, dengan beberapa perubahan bentuk dan pemaknaanya. Makna simbolik di Masjid Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri ditujukan untuk mereka yang beribadah di masjid untuk lebih meningkatkan iman, takwanya kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.

Kata Kunci: Seni Bangunan, Ragam Hias, Makna Simbolik, Masjid Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri.

ABSTRACT

AINUL YAQIN SUNAN GIRI MOSQUE:

Overview of Building Art, Ornaments,

and Symbolic Meanings

 Supervisor                            : Dra. Siti Mutmainah, M.Pd.

Faculty                                  : Language and Art

Subject                                  : Fine Arts Education

Study Program                    : S-1

Student Number                 : 15020124004

Name                                    : Rizal Wahyu Bagas Pradana

Name of Institution            : State University of Surabaya

This study aims to describe the building art, ornaments, and symbolic meanings found in Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri Mosque. This study uses qualitative methods and is described descriptively. The research data was obtained through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature. To obtain valid data, data triangulation and informant review were conducted .

The results showed the art of building in Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri Mosque is composed of the gate, porch, main room, pawestren, pilgrim prayer room, ablution, rest areas, bathrooms, Qur'an Education Park (TPA), secretariat office, mini museum, and library. While the ornaments in this mosque include: geometric motifs, lung-lungan, sulur, patran, padma, tlacapan, saton, kebenan, wajikan, garuda, kala, sorotan, praba, banyu tetes, tepi awan, hiranyagarba, surya majapahit, and mustaka. Some building art and ornaments items at Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri Mosque have symbolic meanings in them.

In general, the main function of building art in this mosque is the completeness of a mosque. While the ornament in this mosque serves to beautify the mosque building. However, some building art and ornaments at Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri Mosque have symbolic meanings in them. The symbolic meaning is taken from the elements of building art and Hindu-Buddhist ornaments. Then the elements are reprocessed by changing or developing their shape, adapted to the guidelines in Islam that are not permitted to display depictions of living things. In addition to processing in terms of form, processing Hindu-Buddhist symbolic meanings into Islam is also present in its meaning. The symbolic meaning of Hindu-Buddha is processed and associated with teachings that are in accordance with Islam. So that in general the art of building and decoration in this mosque bears a form similar to the art of building and the Hindu-Buddhist era ornaments, with some changes in its form and meaning. The symbolic meaning in Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri Mosque is intended for those who worship in mosques to further increase their faith, their faith in the Almighty God.

Keywords: Building Art, Ornaments, Symbolic Meanings, Ainul Yaqin Sunan Giri Mosque.