Single Mother Survival Strategy In Fulfilling Children's Education In Jambangan Village Surabaya City I
Menjadi single mother bukan hal yang mudah dalam menjalani dua peran menjadi ibu dan ayah. Hal tersebut masih belum mencukupi kebutuhan keluarga dan pendidikan anak, serta terjadi beban ganda. Single mother harus bekerja keras dan melakukan strategi agar dapat survive di lingkungannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Perspektif teori yang digunakan yaitu Mekanisme Survival James C Scott dan pespektif teori Nurture untuk menganalisis beban ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa single mother di Kampung Pejabat Kelurahan Jambangan memiliki berbagai strategi survival yang diterapkan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikan anak berdasarkan tiga cara James C Scott. Pertama pengencangan ikat pinggang yaitu menyisihkan uang untuk menabung, hidup hemat dan lebih mengutamakan pendidikan anak, dan makan seadanya seperti lauk tahu dan tempe, serta memanfaatkan program bantuan PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) yang mendapatkan beras dan lauk pauk setiap bulan. Kedua alternatif subsisten atau penghasilan tambahan, seperti memiliki pekerjaan serabutan dan bergabung kelompok UMKM, serta memanfaatkan profesinya untuk mencari penghasilan tambahan. Ketiga, jaringan sosial atau membangun relasi, seperti membangun relasi dengan teman dan tetangga untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan yang awalnya tidak bekerja, dan berhutang kepada saudara, teman, pegadaian dan mekar. Selanjutnya yaitu beban ganda single mother berdasarkan teori Nurture, single mother membiasakan diri untuk menjalani dua peran yang memang awalnya hanya sebagai ibu rumah tangga biasa, dari teori Nurture peran antara laki-laki dan perempuan dapat dipertukarkan. Single mother bekerja serabutan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pendidikan anaknya, namun pekerjaan yang mereka tekuni masih di tingkat klasifikasi rendah, sehingga hal tersebut membuat single mother mengalami marginalisasi atau proses pemiskinan.
Kata Kunci: Strategi Survival, Single Mother, Pendidikan Anak
Being a single mother is not an easy thing in carrying out the two roles of being a mother and a father. This is still not sufficient for the needs of families and children's education, and there is a double burden. Single mothers must work hard and do strategies in order to survive in their environment. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The theoretical perspective used is James C Scott's Survival Mechanism and Nurture's theoretical perspective to analyze double loads. The results showed that single mothers in Jambangan Village Official Village had various survival strategies applied to meeting children's educational needs based on three ways James C Scott. First, tightening the belt is to setting aside money to save, live frugally and prioritize children's education, and eat potluck such as tofu and tempeh side dishes, as well as utilizing the PKH (Family Hope Program) assistance program which gets rice and side dishes every month. Both alternatives are subsistence or additional income, such as having odd jobs and joining UMKM groups, and utilizing their profession to find additional income. Third, social networking or building relationships, such as building relationships with friends and neighbors to get jobs that did not work at first, and owed to relatives, friends, pawnshops, and blooms. Furthermore, the double burden of single mothers based on the Nurture theory, single mothers get used to living two roles that were originally only as ordinary housewives, from the Nurture theory roles between men and women can be interchanged. Single mothers work odd jobs to meet the educational needs of their children, but the work they pursue is still at a low classification level, so it makes single mothers experience marginalization or impoverishment processes.
Keywords: Survival Strategy, Single Mother, Children's Education