Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a
non-communicable disease that remains a major global healthcare issue. Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2), which accounts for more than 90% of DM cases, is
caused by the body's inability to regulate blood glucose due to insulin resistance.
Managing fiber intake, zinc intake, and physical activity is key in controlling
hyperglycemia in DMT2 patients.
This study aims to determine association
between the fiber and zinc intakes, and physical activity with hyperglycemia
status among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Driyorejo Public Health
Center Gresik. This cross-sectional study collected data from June to August
2024. A total of 88 respondents were selected using the Accidental Sampling
technique. Data on fiber and zinc intake were collected using the SQ-FFQ form,
while physical activity levels were measured using the GPAQ questionnaire.
Hyperglycemia status was measured based on fasting blood glucose levels from
laboratory results.
The characteristics of the respondents
showed that the majority were women (60%) and in the pre-elderly age group
(92%). A total of 50 respondents (57%) experienced hyperglycemia, while 38
respondents (43%) did not. Fiber intake below average was found in 69
respondents (78%), and 58 respondents (66%) had insufficient zinc intake. Light
physical activity was found in 38 respondents (43%), moderate in 46 respondents
(52%), and heavy in 4 respondents (5%).
This study shows a significant
relationship between fiber intake (p=0.047, OR=2.8), zinc intake (p=0.022,
OR=2.8), and physical activity (p=0.032, OR=2.6) with hyperglycemia status in
DMT2 outpatients in Driyorejo Public Health Center Gresik. Appropriate
nutrition and physical activity management are needed to control hyperglycemia
and prevent complications in DMT2 patients.
Keywords
: Fiber intake, zinc intake, physical
activity, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus