ANALISIS PUTUSAN HAKIM TINGKAT BANDING DALAM PENJATUHAN PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi No. 39/PID/2024/PT YYK)

ANALYSIS OF THE APPELLATE COURT'S DECISION IN SENTENCING THE OFFENDER OF PREMEDITATED MURDER (A Case Study of High Court Decision No. 39/PID/2024/PT YYK)

Isu pemidanaan terhadap pelaku pembunuhan berencana menjadi sorotan dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia, terutama dalam transisi menuju berlakunya UU No. 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP. Penelitian ini mengkaji Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Nomor 39/PID/2024/PT YYK, di mana hakim banding menjatuhkan pidana penjara seumur hidup terhadap terdakwa yang sebelumnya dijatuhi pidana mati oleh pengadilan pertama. Fokus penelitian adalah kesesuaian ratio decidendi hakim dengan asas legalitas dan konsekuensi yuridis penerapan pidana yang lebih ringan sebelum KUHP baru berlaku efektif. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun hakim tidak menggunakan KUHP baru secara eksplisit, nilai-nilai dalam pasal-pasalnya dijadikan pertimbangan substantif, mencerminkan pendekatan progresif terhadap pemidanaan. Namun, ini menimbulkan problematika yuridis terkait asas legalitas dan kepastian hukum. Penelitian menyimpulkan perlunya pedoman yudisial untuk mengatasi ketegangan antara progresivitas putusan dan prinsip dasar hukum pidana selama transisi KUHP baru.

The issue of sentencing for premeditated murder offenders has become a focal point in the Indonesian criminal justice system, particularly in the transition towards the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (KUHP). This study examines the High Court Decision No. 39/PID/2024/PT YYK, in which the appellate court imposed a life sentence on the defendant, who was previously sentenced to death by the lower court. The focus of this research is on the alignment of the judge's ratio decidendi with the principle of legality and the legal consequences of imposing a lighter sentence before the new KUHP comes into effect. The research method used is normative juridical with approaches to legislation, case law, and conceptual analysis. The findings show that although the judge did not explicitly use the new KUHP as formal legal grounds, the values contained in its articles were considered substantively, reflecting a progressive approach to sentencing. However, this raises juridical problems related to the principle of legality and legal certainty. The study concludes that judicial guidelines are needed to resolve the tension between the progressiveness of the decision and the fundamental principles of criminal law during the transition to the new national KUHP.