Fitoremediasi Logam Timbal (Pb) Menggunakan Kombinasi Eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dan Melati air (Echinodorus palifolius) 

Phytoremediation of Lead Metal (Pb) Using a Combination of Eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) and Melati air (Echinodorus palifolius) 

Dampak pencemaran logam Pb berupa menurunnya kualitas ekosistem perairan hingga terganggunya kesehatan manusia, upaya mengatasinya dengan melakukan fitoremediasi. Fitoremediasi menggunakan kombinasi eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dan melati air (Echinodorus palifolius) dapat mengurangi polutan berupa logam Pb di perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis Echinodorus palifolius dan Eichhornia crassipes terhadap penurunan kadar logam Pb, pH, suhu, BOD, dan kadar klorofil tumbuhan pada air limbah Pb berbagai konsentrasi (15, 20, 25 ppm). Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dan salah satu faktor perlakuannya, yaitu konsentrasi Pb pada media (15, 20, 25 ppm). Terdapat 4 kali pengulangan pada penelitian sehingga terdapat 24 unit perlakuan. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian meliputi kadar logam Pb media tanam, pH, suhu, kadar BOD, dan kadar klorofil pada tiap tumbuhan. Analisis Pb menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer), sedangkan analisis klorofil menggunakan spektrofotometer. Data kadar logam Pb yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji T dengan taraf ketelitian 0,05. Data kadar klorofil dianalisis secara ANAVA dua arah. Data pendukung kualitas kimia air berupa pH, suhu, dan BOD dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kombinasi tanaman terhadap penurunan logam Pb, pH, suhu dan BOD pada berbagai konsentrasi logam Pb. Penurunan tertinggi kadar logam Pb terjadi pada konsentrasi 15 ppm. Kombinasi tanaman mampu perubahan pH asam menjadi netral pada berbagai konsentrasi logam Pb dan terjadi penurunan suhu. Penurunan kadar BOD tertinggi terjadi pada konsentrasi 15 ppm. Tidak terdapat pengaruh jenis kombinasi tumbuhan pada berbagai konsentrasi larutan logam Pb ditinjau dari kadar klorofil daun.

Kata kunci : Fitoremediasi, Logam Pb, Eichhornia crassipes, Echinodorus palifolius

The impact of Pb metal pollution is in the form of decreasing the quality of aquatic ecosystems and disrupting human health. Efforts to overcome this include phytoremediation. Phytoremediation using a combination of eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) and melati air (Echinodorus palifolius) can reduce pollutants in the form of Pb metal in waters. This research aims to determine the effect of Echinodorus palifolius and Eichhornia crassipes on reducing Pb metal levels, pH, temperature, BOD, and plant chlorophyll levels in Pb wastewater of various concentrations (15, 20, 25 ppm). The research was carried out experimentally using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) and one of the treatment factors, namely the Pb concentration in the media (15, 20, 25 ppm). There were 4 repetitions in the research so there were 24 treatment units. The parameters measured in the research included the Pb metal content of the planting media, pH, temperature, BOD content and chlorophyll content in each plant. Pb analysis uses AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer), while chlorophyll analysis uses a spectrophotometer. The Pb metal content data obtained was explained using the T test with an accuracy level of 0.05. Data on chlorophyll levels were explained using two-way ANOVA. Supporting data on air chemical quality in the form of pH, temperature and BOD are explained qualitatively descriptively. The results of the research show that there is an effect of plant combinations on reducing Pb metal, pH, temperature and BOD at various Pb metal concentrations. The highest reduction in Pb metal levels occurred at a concentration of 15 ppm. The combination of plants is able to change the acidic pH to neutral at various Pb metal concentrations and reduce temperature. The highest reduction in BOD levels occurred at a concentration of 15 ppm. There was no influence of the type of plant combination on various concentrations of Pb metal solution in terms of leaf chlorophyll content.

Keywords: Phytoremediation, Pb metal, Eichhornia crassipes, Echinodorus palifolius