Bagaimana Implementasi Zonasi Sekolah dalam Pemerataan Kualitas Pendidikan?

How is the School Zoning Implementation in the Equality of Education Quality?

Abstrak

Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru dengan sistem zonasi merupakan peraturan baru yang dibuat untuk mewujudkan pemerataan kualitas pendidikan. Penerapan sistem ini pertama kali diterapkan di Surabaya pada tahun 2019, yang menimbulkan beberapa penolakan dari beberapa peserta didik dan orang tua wali peserta didik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan, efektivitas dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam implementasi PPDB dengan sistem zonasi pada SMA di Surabaya. Metode kualitatif digunakan berdasarkan teori implementasi model pendekatan Van Metter dan Van Horn, data dikumpulkan dengan observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara pada 3 Sekolah Menegah Negeri dan 1 sekolah swasta serta peserta didik dan orang tua wali dan dianalisis dengan Nvivo. Hasil penelitian menunjukan implementasinya sesuai dengan teori implementasi tersebut, namun terdapat kendala berupa penyampaian informasi yang kurang jelas dan kurangnya fasilitas pendidikan serta faktor penghambat berupa faktor lingkungan ekonomi, sosial, dan pendidikan yang membuat efektivitasnya kurang maksimal. Sehingga perlu adanya pembangunan dan kebijakan berkelanjutan setelah evaluasi.

Kata kunci: Implementasi, Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru, sistem zonasi

Abstract

Admission of New Students with the zoning system is a new regulation made to realize equal quality of education. The application of this system was first implemented in Surabaya in 2019, which led to some resistance from some students and parents of students. This research was conducted to analyze the implementation, effectiveness and factors that influence the implementation of PPDB with the zoning system at high schools in Surabaya. The qualitative method was used based on the theory of the implementation of the Van Metter and Van Horn approach models, data were collected by observation, documentation and interviews at 3 State High Schools and 1 private school as well as students and guardian parents and analyzed with Nvivo. The results of the research show that the implementation is in accordance with the theory of implementation, but there are obstacles in the form of delivering unclear information and lack of educational facilities as well as inhibiting factors in the form of economic, social, and educational factors which make the effectiveness less than maximum. So there is a need for sustainable development and policies after evaluation.

Keywords: Implementation, Admission of New Students, zoning system,