Manusia didalam berhubungan satu sama lain membutuhkan sarana komunikasi yang disebut bahasa. Percakapan sebagai salah satu kegiyatan komunikasi bisa terlaksana dengan baik apabila bahasa yang dituturkan tidak menyimpang dari prinsip komunikasi. Didalam kehidupan sehari-hari, peristiwa penyimpangan tersebut sering terjadi, seperti di dalam pementasan Ludruk. Salah satu video pementasan Ludruk berjudul “Sarip Tambak Osa” yang diunggah oleh akun youtube @UPT.AUDIO VISUAL dipilih peneliti untuk menjalankan penelitian dikarenakan didalam video tersebut banyak wujud tuturan penyimpangan maksim kesopanan yang mengandung bermacam-macam implikatur. Serta lakon tersebut masih terkenal dipentaskan di masyarakat Jawa
Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis deskripsi kualitatif, yang bersifat sinkronis. Data penelitian berwujud kata, frasa, dan kalimat yang terkandung dalam percakapan video Ludruk “Sarip Tambak Osa”. Teknik menyimak dan mencatat digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan dimulai dari menyeleksi data yang bersifat menyimpang dari prinsip kesopanan. Hasil analisis data kemudian diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kategori penyimpangan maksim kesopanan Leech. Lalu disajikan dengan wujud contoh yang diberi analisis berwujud deskripsi.
Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan enam wujud maksim, yaitu (1) kebijaksanaan, (2) kedermawanan, (3) pujian, (4) kerendahan hati, (5) kesepakatan, dan (6) kesimpatian. Yang paling banyak muncul yaitu penyimpangan maksim pujian. Serta dua belas wujud implikatur yaitu (1) mencela, (2) menyatakan rasa ketidaksukaan, (3) mengancam, (4) menghalangi, (5) memerintah,
menasehati, (7) menolak, (8) menyangkal, (9) menyombongkan diri, (10) menyatakan rasa ketidaksetujuan, (11) bercanda, (12) menyatakan rasa marah. Implikatur yang sering terjadi yaitu implikatur mencela dan bercanda yang dituturkan dengan cara menjatuhkan dan mencela mitratuturnya.
kunci : Maksim Kesopanan, Penyimpangan Maksim, Implikatur, Pragmatik, Ludruk.
To keep communicating with each other, people need media for communication called language. Conversation as one of the media of communication can be made well if the word that was spoken does not distort from the communication principle. A distortion generally happened in daily life, such as Ludruk stage. One of the videos about Ludruk stage, which titled “Sarip Tambak Osa” that was uploaded by the youtube channel @UPT AUDIO VISUAL is chosen for the researches to continue the study due to the Video that has several distortion forms about politeness maxim with the various implications into it. On the other hand, the character is still famous amongst Javanese people.
This research belongs to one of the qualitative description forms that tend to be synchronous. The research data was formed by word, phrase, and sentence that was contained in Ludruk video “Sarip Tambak Osa.” In collecting the data, this research use listening and taking notes technique, which will continue with analyze by selecting the data first. Afterward, the result of data analysis will be classified based on the category of the distortion of politeness maxim by Leech. The research data will be displayed in the description form, subsequently.
The various maxim forms found the result of this research, those are (1) Tact Maxim, (2) Generosity Maxim, (3) Approbation Maxim, (4) Modesty Maxim, (5) Agreement Maxim, and (6) Sympathy Maxim. The maxim that appears the most was sympathy maxim along with the twelve implication forms, such as (1) reproaching, (2) showing the dislike, (3) threatening, (4) prevent, (5) demanding, (6) advising, (7) refusing, (8) denying, (9) boasting, (10) showing the disagreement, (11) joking, (12) expressing the anger. The implication that happens frequently reproaching and joking that had shown by imposing and reproaching their speech partner.
Keywords: Politeness Maxim, Aberration Maxim, Implication, Pragmatics, Ludruk