Manajemen Mutu Sekolah Menggunakan the Juran Trilogy dalam Total Quality Management (TQM) di Era Pandemi COVID-19
(Studi Multisitus SMA Khadijah Surabaya dan SMA Darul Ulum 2 Jombang)
School Quality Management Using the Juran Trilogy in Total Quality Management (TQM) in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
(Multisite Study at SMA Khadijah Surabaya and SMA Darul Ulum 2 Jombang)
ABSTRAK
Uswatun Khasanah. 2023. Manajemen Mutu Sekolah Menggunakan the Juran Trilogy dalam Total Quality Management (TQM) di Era Pandemi COVID-19, (Studi Multisitus SMA Khadijah Surabaya dan SMA Darul Ulum 2 Jombang). Disertasi, Program Studi Manajemen Pendidikan, Fakutas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing: (I). Prof. Dr. Yatim Riyanto, M.Pd. dan (II) Dr. Sri setyowati, M.Pd.
Kata-kata Kunci: Manajemen Mutu Sekolah, TQM, the Juran Trilogy, Quality Planning, Quality Control, Quality Improvement.
Desain penelitian kualitatif ini adalah multisitus SMA Khadijah Surabaya dan SMA Darul Ulum 2 Unggulan BPPT Jombang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil analisis tentang 1) perencanaan mutu (quality planning), 2) kendali mutu (quality control), 3) peningkatan mutu (quality improvement), 4) faktor penghambat dari penerapan manajemen mutu, dan 5) faktor pendukung dari penerapan manajemen mutu. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara yang mendalam, observasi partisipan dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis menggunakan data analisis data situs tunggal, dan analisis data lintas situs. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua sekolah menyediakan layanan pendidikan terbaik dengan massive changes di era pandemic COVID-19. SMA Khadijah Surabaya mampu menyelenggarakan PJJ (remote learning) dengan berbagai inovasi yakni 1) percepatan penguasan IT, 2) penyediaan pembelajaran dengan e-learning berbasis Moodle, 3) pemanfaatan Youtube Turham Media, instragram, WhatsApp untuk publikasi online, 4) e-report untuk Self-Assessment, 5) IT team yang menyediakan IT support serta 6) fasilitas pencegahan COVID-19 dan ruang gadar (gawat darurat). SMA Darul Ulum 2 Unggulan BPPT Jombang menyelenggarakan PTM dengan berbagai penyesuaian dan inovasi yakni 1) penyediaan fasilitas pencegahan COVID-19 untuk kegiatan PTM, 2) stadium general dalam kegiatan ekskul, 3) tes TOEFL sebagai pengganti tes IGCSE, 4) penyesuaian dalam pelaksanaan kelas regular dan sks dalam pandemi COVID-19, serta 5) pembinaan lomba secara online dengan para ahli dari universitas. The Juran Trilogy diterapkan pada manajemen mutu sekolah dengan tahapan quality planning, quality control, quality improvement melalui langkah-langkah strategis di setiap tahapannya di masa pandemi COVI-19. Pandemi COVID 19 merupakan kendala utama, namun kedua sekolah mampu menjawab tantangan tersebut. Rekomendasi penelitian adalah 1) Analisis kebutuhan konsumen tersebut bisa dilengkapi dengan tabel What-dimensi kebutuhan dan How-deskripsi teknis dan didokumentasikan, 2) laporan pengukuran (measurement) sebaiknya ditunjukkan secara visual melalui grafik dan diagram serta tabel analisis yang memuat penyebab dan tindakan perbaikan., dan 3) dalam mencari penyebab (discover causes) dapat menggunakan Pareto Principle dengan the 80/20 rule, 80% akibat timbul dari 20% penyebab (vital few) atau Fishbone diagram.
ABSTRACT
Uswatun Khasanah. 2023. School Quality Management Using the Juran Trilogy in Total Quality Management (TQM) in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era, (Multisite Study of SMA Khadijah Surabaya and SMA Darul Ulum 2 Jombang). Dissertation, Educational Management Department, Faculty of Education, Surabaya State University. Supervisor: (I). Prof. Dr. Yatim Riyanto, M.Pd. and (II) Dr. Sri Setyowati, M.Pd.
Keywords: School Quality Management, TQM, the Juran Trilogy, Quality Planning, Quality Control, Quality Improvement.
This qualitative research design is a multisite study at SMA Khadijah Surabaya and SMA Darul Ulum 2 Unggulan BPPT Jombang. This research aims to describe the results of analysis regarding 1) quality planning, 2) quality control, 3) quality improvement, 4) obstacles in implementing quality management, and 5) supporting factors for implementation of quality management. Data was collected using in-depth interview techniques, participant observation and documentation. The analysis technique uses single site data analysis data, and cross site data analysis. The research results showed that both schools provide the best educational services with massive changes in the COVID-19 pandemic era. SMA Khadijah Surabaya was able to organize PJJ (remote learning) with various innovations, namely 1) accelerating IT mastery, 2) providing learning with Moodle-based e-learning, 3) utilizing YouTube Turham Media, Instagram, WhatsApp for online publications, 4) e-reports for Self-Assessment, 5) IT team that provides IT support as well as 6) COVID-19 prevention facilities and gadar (emergency room). SMA Darul Ulum 2 Unggulan BPPT Jombang held PTM with various adjustments and innovations, namely 1) providing COVID-19 prevention facilities for PTM activities, 2) general stadium for extracurricular activities, 3) TOEFL test as a substitute for the IGCSE test, 4) adjustments in class implementation regular and credit during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as 5) online competition coaching with experts from universities. The Juran Trilogy is applied to school quality management with the stages of quality planning, quality control, quality improvement through strategic steps at each stage during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID 19 pandemic was a major obstacle, but both schools were able to meet this challenge. The research recommendations are 1) The analysis of consumer needs can be completed with What-dimensional tables of needs and How-technical descriptions and documented, 2) Measurement reports should be shown visually through graphs and diagrams as well as analysis tables containing causes and corrective actions. , and 3) in finding causes (discover causes) you can use the Pareto Principle with the 80/20 rule, 80% of the effects arise from 20% of the causes (vital few) or the Fishbone diagram.