DEVELOPMENT OF FLASHCARD MEDIA TO UNDERSTAND CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH COMPLEX SENTENCES AMONG FIFTH GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to develop Flashcard media to enhance the understanding of causal relationship through complex sentences among fifth grade elementary school students, ensuring the media is valid, practical, and effective. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model. The trials were conducted with fifth grade students at SDN Winongan Lor 1 Pasuruan. Data collection instruments included validation sheets, questionnaires, pretest, and posttest. The data were analyzed using N-Gain scores and the likert scale. The validity results showed a media validation score of 96,42% and a material validation score of 93,75%. The student questionnaire results indicated a score of 94,03% in the small scale trial and 96,38% in the large scale trial. The effectiveness of the Flashcard media was supported by N-Gain scores of 0,63 in the small scale trial and 0,77 in the large scale trial. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Flashcard media developed to support students understanding of causal relationship through complex sentences is highly valid, practical, and effective.