DINAMIKA KEPRIBADIAN TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL KERETA SEMAR LEMBU KARYA ZAKY YAMANI: KAJIAN PSIKOANALISIS SIGMUND FREUD

THE PERSONALITY DYNAMICS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE NOVEL "KERETA SEMAR LEMBU": A PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDY BY SIGMUND FREUD

Penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika kepribadian tokoh utama dalam novel Kereta Semar Lembu karya Zaky Yamani melalui kajian psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Permasalahan penelitian difokuskan pada bagaimana struktur kepribadian tokoh utama, serta bagaimana interaksi antarunsur tersebut memunculkan dinamika kepribadian yang berupa naluri (hidup dan mati), serta kecemasan (realistis, neurotik, dan moral). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini menganalisis teks narasi dan dialog dalam novel Kereta Semar Lembu melalui teknik baca catat sebagai teknik pengumpulan data, dan teknik analisis isi sebagai teknik analisis data untuk menggambarkan kondisi psikologis tokoh utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh utama memiliki id yang dominan, mendorong pemuasan hasrat seksual, pelarian dari penderitaan, serta pemenuhan kebutuhan fisiologis secara impulsif. Ego sebagai penengah antara dorongan id dengan realitas sosial, serta tuntutan superego. Sementara itu, superego merepresentasikan nilai moral yang memunculkan rasa bersalah, penyesalan, serta dorongan untuk memperbaiki diri. Interaksi ketiga aspek ini membentuk dinamika kepribadian yakni naluri kehidupan (Eros), yakni upaya bertahan hidup, menghindari kematian, memperoleh pengetahuan, dan menjaga eksistensi diri. Naluri kematian (Thanatos), yakni keinginan mengakhiri penderitaan, dorongan destruktif, serta pengidealan kematian damai. Kecemasan realistis, yakni rasa takut menghadapi ancaman nyata seperti kematian yang kejam dan kutukan, kecemasan moral tercermin dari perasaan bersalah, berdosa, dan takut akan hukuman sosial maupun religius. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pengalaman masa kecil dan lingkungan sosial berkontribusi besar dalam membentuk kepribadian tokoh utama.

Kata kunci: Psikologi Sastra, Struktur Kepribadian, Dinamika Kepribadian

This study examines the personality dynamics of the main character in the novel Kereta Semar Lembu by Zaky Yamani through the psychoanalytic study of Sigmund Freud. The research problem is focused on how the personality structure of the main character, and how the interaction between these elements gives rise to personality dynamics in the form of instincts (life and death), and anxiety (realistic, neurotic, and moral). By using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzes the narrative text and dialogue in the novel Kereta Semar Lembu through reading and note-taking techniques as data collection techniques, and content analysis techniques as data analysis techniques to describe the psychological condition of the main character. The results of the study indicate that the main character has a dominant id, driving the gratification of sexual desires, escape from suffering, and the impulsive fulfillment of physiological needs. The ego mediates between id drives and social reality, as well as the demands of the superego. Meanwhile, the superego represents moral values that give rise to feelings of guilt, regret, and the drive to improve oneself. The interaction of these three aspects forms the dynamics of personality: the life instinct (Eros), which is the effort to survive, avoid death, acquire knowledge, and maintain one's existence. The death instinct (Thanatos), which is the desire to end suffering, destructive drives, and the idealization of a peaceful death. Realistic anxiety, which is the fear of facing real threats such as violent death and curse, and moral anxiety are reflected in feelings of guilt, sin, and fear of social and religious punishment. These findings confirm that childhood experiences and the social environment contribute significantly to shaping the main character's personality.

Keywords: Literary Psychology, Personality Structure, Personality Dynamics