THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELEKTRONIC TEST (E-TEST) ON ECOSYSTEM TOPIC TO MEASURE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS FOR STUDENT OF TENTH GRADE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Kemampuan bepikir kritis adalah salah satu kemampuan yang harus dimiliki siswa pada abad 21 ini. Implementasi kurikulum juga menuntut siswa berpikir kritis agar siswa dapat bersaing di era global yang telah memasuki era revolusi industri 4.0. Revolusi industri 4.0 menerapkan sistem literasi digital dalam pembelajaran di Sekolah diantaranya adalah sistem evaluasi, metode dan materi yang diajarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan dan mendeskripsikan validitas, reliabilitas, dan kepraktisan tes elektronik (E-test) materi ekosistem untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas X SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate) tanpa tahap Disseminate. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah validitas tes elektronik (E-test), reliabilitas tes elektronik (E-test), keterlaksanaan tes elektronik (E-test), dan hasil tes elektronik (E-test) kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Tes elektronik (E-test) divalidasi kemudian diujicobakan secara terbatas pada 72 siswa kelas X IPA 3 dan X IPA 5 SMA Negeri 1 Menganti pada bulan Januari 2020. Metode pengumpulan data yang pada penelitian ini adalah metode validasi, metode tes, dan metode observasi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi tes elektronik (E-test), lembar tes elektronik (E-test) yang dikemas dalam Google form, dan lembar pengamatan keterlaksanaan tes elektronik (E-test). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tes elektronik (E-test) yang dikembangkan dinyatakan sangat valid ditinjau dari aspek materi, konstruksi soal, dan bahasa dengan persentase sebesar 100% dengan kategori sangat valid. Tes elektronik (E-test) yang dikembangkan memiliki nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,74 dengan kategori reliabilitas sangat tinggi. Tes elektronik (E-test) yang dikembangkan dinyatakan praktis ditinjau dari persentase keterlaksanaan tes elektronik (E-test) sebesar 99,85% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Pengukuran kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa ditinjau dari hasil tes elektronik yaitu rata-rata keseluruhan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa sebesar 63,36% dengan kategori cukup kritis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tes elektronik (E-test) yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi aspek validitas, reliabilitas, dan kepraktisan sehingga layak digunakan sebagai tes elektronik (E-test) yang dapat mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.

Kata Kunci : Tes Elektronik (E-test), Berpikir Kritis, Ekosistem

Critical thinking skills is one of the abilities students must have in the 21st century. Curriculum implementation also requires students to critical thinking so students can compete in the global era that has entered the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Industrial revolution 4.0 applies a digital literacy system in school learning including the evaluation system, methods and materials taught. This research aims to produce and describe the validity, reliability, and practicality of the electronic test (E-test) ecosystem topic to measure critical thinking skills for student of tenth grade senior high school. This research is a development research with 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) without Disseminate stage. The measured parameters are validity of the electronic test (E-test), reliability of the electronic test (E-test), implemetation of the electronic test (E-test), and the results of the electronic test (E-test) critical thinking skils for students. The electronic test (E-test) was tested to 72 students of tenth grade at SMA Negeri 1 Menganti in January 2020. The method of data collection uses validity method, test method, and observation method. Instruments used in this research are electronic test (E-test) validation sheet, electronic test (E-test) sheet that was packaged in Google form, and observation sheet for implementation an electronic test (E-test). The results showed that the electronic test (E-test) developed was declared to be very valid based on material aspects, question construction, and language with a percentage of 100% with a very valid category. The electronic test (E-test) that was developed had a reliability value of 0.74 with a very high reliability category. The electronic test (E-test) that was developed was declared practical based on the percentage of the implementation of the electronic test (E-test) of 99.85% with a very practical category. Measurement of critical thinking skills for student based on the results of electronic tests (E-test) is the overall average of critical thinking skills for student of 63.36% with quite critical categories. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the electronic test (E-test) developed has fulfilled aspects of validity, reliability, and practicality so it is appropriate to be used as an electronic test (E-test) that can measure critical thinking skills for students.

Keywords : electronic test (E-test), critical thinking, ecosystem.