RESISTENSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENYALURAN BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK (BLT BBM) TIDAK TEPAT SASARAN (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SUMBERMULYO KECAMATAN JOGOROTO KABUPATEN JOMBANG)

COMMUNITY RESISTANCE TOWARDS THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIRECT CASH ASSISTANCE FOR FUEL OIL (BLT BBM) IS NOT TARGETED (CASE STUDY IN SUMBERMULYO VILLAGE, JOGOROTO DISTRICT, JOMBANG REGENCY)

Kebijakan Bantuan Langsung Tunai Bahan Bakar Minyak (BLT BBM) merupakan langkah strategis pemerintah untuk menjaga kestabilan ekonomi Indonesia akibat kenaikan harga energi dunia. Namun, dalam praktiknya penyaluran BLT BBM menghadapi berbagai masalah, terutama ketidaktepatan sasaran sehingga terdapat keluhan dari masyarkat yang dianggap layak justru mendapat bantuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk resistensi yang terjadi, menggambarkan pengalaman masyarakat penerima dan non-penerima bantuan, serta menganalisis dampak sosial ekonomi yang muncul di Desa Sumbermulyo, Kecamatan Jogoroto, Kabupaten Jombang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari masyarakat penerima dan non penerima BLT BBM. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi dengan pedoman wawancara sebagai instrumen utama. Analisis data dilakukan mulai tahap reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan teori resistensi James C. Scott yang menyoroti bentuk-bentuk perlawanan masyarakat lemah terhadap ketimpangan kekuasaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya dua bentuk resistensi masyarakat di Desa Sumbermulyo, yaitu resistensi tertutup berupa menggerutu, keluhan, dan gosip tersembunyi, sedangkan resistensi terbuka terlihat dari protes langsung kepada aparat desa, meskipun protes ini belum dapat dikatakan sebagai resistensi terbuka karena belum terorganisir. Pengalaman masyarakat penerima dan non penerima menunjukkan adanya rasa kecewa terhadap ketidakjelasan kriteria dan perubahan data penerima. Dampaknya meliputi penurunan kepercayaan sosial antarwarga, munculnya kecemburuan sosial, dan berkurangnya partisipasi masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Resistensi James C. Scott, BLT BBM, Distribusi bantuan, Ketimpangan kebijakan, Dinamika pedesaan

The Cash Assistance Policy for Fuel (BLT BBM) represents a strategic measure by the Indonesian government to maintain national economic stability amid the global surge in energy prices. However, in practice, the distribution of BLT BBM has encountered several issues, particularly related to mistargeting, which has led to public complaints that some individuals deemed ineligible have nonetheless received the aid. This study aims to identify forms of resistance that have emerged, describe the experiences of both recipients and non-recipients, and analyze the resulting socio-economic impacts in Sumbermulyo Village, Jogoroto District, Jombang Regency. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. The subjects consist of both BLT BBM recipients and non-recipients. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, with interview guidelines serving as the main research instrument. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings were analyzed using James C. Scotts theory of resistance, which emphasizes the forms of everyday resistance practiced by marginalized groups against power inequalities. The results indicate two forms of resistance among the people of Sumbermulyo Village: covert resistance, expressed through murmuring, complaints, and hidden gossip; and overt resistance, manifested in direct protests toward village officials. However, these protests cannot yet be categorized as fully open resistance, as they remain unorganized. The experiences of both recipients and non-recipients reveal a shared sense of disappointment due to unclear criteria and frequent changes in recipient data. The impacts include a decline in social trust among residents, the emergence of social jealousy, and reduced community participation.

Key Words: James C. Scott resistance, BLT BBM, aid distribution, policy inequality, rural dynamics