Kebahasaan Soal Ujian Bahasa Indonesia Buatan Guru di SMA Negeri Sidoarjo Jawa Timur
Linguistic Features of Teacher-Made Indonesian Language Examination Questions in Public Senior High Schools of Sidoarjo, East Java
Kholifah. 2026. Kebahasaan Soal Ujian Bahasa Indonesia Buatan Guru di SMA Negeri Sidoarjo Jawa Timur. Tesis. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing (1) Prof. Dr. Suyatno, M.Pd., dan (2) Dr. Prima Vidya Asteria, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan struktur kebahasaan, fungsi kebahasaan, makna kebahasaan, dan variasi kebahasaan dalam soal ujian Bahasa Indonesia di SMA Negeri Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan landasan teori Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) Halliday dan Taksonomi Bloom Revisi. Data penelitian berupa soal ujian Bahasa Indonesia yang dianalisis melalui teknik analisis dokumen dengan menelaah unsur leksikogramatikal, metafungsi bahasa, konstruksi makna, serta variasi kebahasaan yang merealisasikan tuntutan kognitif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kebahasaan soal dibangun melalui sistem transitivitas, pengembangan klausa, hubungan antarkalimat, serta penggunaan kohesi dan koherensi yang mendukung keterpaduan makna. Fungsi kebahasaan yang ditemukan meliputi fungsi ideasional, interpersonal, dan tekstual yang bekerja secara terpadu dalam mengarahkan pemahaman dan respons peserta didik. Makna kebahasaan dibentuk melalui hubungan antara pilihan linguistik dan tuntutan kognitif yang direalisasikan melalui penggunaan kata kerja operasional, kompleksitas sintaksis, dan strategi penyajian informasi. Variasi kebahasaan tampak pada perbedaan struktur kalimat, pilihan leksikal, tingkat kompleksitas sintaksis, serta strategi penyajian informasi yang disesuaikan dengan tujuan pengukuran kompetensi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa dalam soal ujian berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai media penyampaian informasi, tetapi juga sebagai sarana yang membentuk dan mengarahkan aktivitas berpikir peserta didik sesuai dengan tujuan evaluasi pembelajaran.
Kata Kunci : kebahasaan soal ujian, struktur kebahasaan, fungsi kebahasaan, makna kebahasaan, variasi kebahasaan
Kholifah. 2026. Linguistic Features of Teacher-Made Indonesian Language Examination Questions in Public Senior High Schools of Sidoarjo, East Java. Thesis. Master's Program in Indonesian Language Education, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Advisors: (1) Prof. Dr. Suyatno, M.Pd. and (2) Dr. Prima Vidya Asteria, S.Pd., M.Pd.
This study aimed to explain the linguistic structure, linguistic function, linguistic meaning, and linguistic variation of Indonesian language examination questions in public senior high schools in Sidoarjo, East Java. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach based on Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The data consisted of Indonesian language examination questions, which were analyzed through document analysis by examining lexicogrammatical features, metafunctions of language, meaning construction, and linguistic variations that realize cognitive demands.
The findings revealed that the linguistic structure of the examination questions was constructed through the transitivity system, clause development, inter-sentential relations, and the use of cohesion and coherence devices that support textual unity. The linguistic functions identified in the questions included ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions, which operated simultaneously in directing students' comprehension and responses. Linguistic meaning was constructed through the relationship between linguistic choices and cognitive demands, realized through the use of operational verbs, syntactic complexity, and information presentation strategies. Linguistic variation was reflected in differences in sentence structures, lexical choices, levels of syntactic complexity, and information presentation strategies adapted to the objectives of competency assessment. The findings indicate that language in examination questions functions not only as a medium for conveying information but also as a means of shaping and directing students' cognitive activities in accordance with the objectives of educational assessment.
Keywords: language of exam questions, language structure, language function, language meaning, language variation