Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk Melatih Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Materi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Tumbuhan

Pendidikan abad ke-21 menuntut peserta didik untuk memiliki keterampilan kreativitas, komunikasi, kolaborasi dan berpikir kritis. Namun, keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah dibuktikan dengan penurunan 12 poin pada hasil tes PISA 2022. Perangkat pembelajaran Elektronik Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (E-LKPD) menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang menekankan pemecahan masalah autentik secara aktif perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan E-LKPD berbasis PBL pada materi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan yang valid, praktis, dan efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Desain pengembangan E-LKPD menggunakan model 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate). Metode yang digunakan meliputi validasi, observasi, angket, dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa E-LKPD yang dikembangkan mengkombinasikan praktikum secara langsung dan virtual dilengkapi fitur BiOpen, BiOrientation, BiOvercome, BiObservation, BiOpinion, dan BiOption untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. E-LKPD memiliki validitas sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata skor sebesar 93,13% berdasarkan aspek penyajian, isi, dan bahasa. E-LKPD dinyatakan praktis berdasarkan angket respons peserta didik dengan rata-rata skor sebesar 99,16% dengan kriteria sangat praktis dan lembar keterlaksanaan E-LKPD sebesar 100% dengan kriteria sangat praktis. Keefektifan E-LKPD diperoleh berdasarkan ketuntasan hasil pretest dan post-test dengan peningkatan N-gain score sebesar 0,83 dengan kriteria tinggi. Dengan demikian, E-LKPD berbasis Problem Based Learning yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif, serta layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.

Kata kunci: E-LKPD, Problem Based Learning, berpikir kritis, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan

21st-century education demands that students possess skills in creativity, communication, collaboration, and critical thinking. However, students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia are still relatively low, as evidenced by a 12-point decline in the 2022 PISA test results. An electronic student worksheet (E-LKPD) using a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model, which emphasizes active engagement in solving authentic problems needs to be developed to enhance critical thinking skills. This study aims to develop a PBL-based E-LKPD on the topic of plant growth and development that is valid, practical, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The development of the E-LKPD follows the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The methods used include validation, observation, questionnaires, and tests. The results show that the developed E-LKPD combines both direct and virtual laboratory practices and is equipped with features such as BiOpen, BiOrientation, BiOvercome, BiObservation, BiOpinion, and BiOption to improve critical thinking skills. The E-LKPD has a very high level of validity, with an average score of 93.13% based on aspects of presentation, content, and language. It is considered practical based on student response questionnaires, which yielded an average score of 99.16% (categorized as very practical), and the implementation sheet of the E-LKPD showed 100% implementation (also categorized as very practical). The effectiveness of the E-LKPD is demonstrated by the improvement in pretest and post-test results, with an N-gain score of 0.83, categorized as high. Therefore, the PBL-based E-LKPD developed in this study meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective, and is suitable for use in teaching and learning.

Keywords: E-LKPD, Problem Based Learning, critical thinking, plant growth and development