Pengembangan E-Book Berbasis Discovery Learning pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi untuk Melatihkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Kelas XI SMA

Development Of An E-Book Based On Discovery Learning On Excretion System Material To Train The Critical Thinking Ability Of Class Xi High School Students

Implementasi kurikulum merdeka diharapkan mampu melatihkan tuntutan kompetensi 4C pada abad 21 salah satunya kemampuan berpikir kritis. Kemampuan berpikir kritis dapat dilatihkan menggunakan pendekatan saintifik discovery learning. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan E-Book berbasis discovery learning, mendeskripsikan validitas serta kepraktisan E-Book. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE meliputi Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Parameter dilihat dari tingkat validitas berdasarkan telaah tiga validator serta kepraktisan yang ditinjau dari keterbacaan dan respon peserta didik. Penelitian ini diujicobakan pada 36 peserta didik kelas XI Fase F-3 SMAS Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya. Validitas E-Book berdasarkan komponen aspek kelayakan isi, kelayakan penyajian, kelayakan bahasa, dan aspek melatihkan kemampuan berpikir kritis sebesar 3,84 berkategori sangat valid. Hasil uji keterbacaan E-Book yakni pada level 11 sesuai dengan sasaran pengguna peserta didik kelas XI SMA dengan persentase 91,6% kategori sangat baik. Respons peserta didik terhadap E-Book menunjukkan persentase positif sebesar 97,62% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Dengan demikian, disimpulkan bahwa E-Book berbasis discovery learning pada materi sistem ekskresi yang dikembangkan valid dan praktis sebagai bahan ajar. Penggunaan E-Book dapat digunakan untuk melatihkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas XI SMA karena E-Book dikembangkan untuk memfasilitasi peserta didik dalam berlatih kemampuan berpikir kritis.

Kata Kunci: E-Book, discovery learning, kemampuan berpikir kritis, sistem ekskresi.

The implementation of the independent curriculum is expected to be able to train the demands of the 4C competencies in the 21st century, one of which is the ability to think critically. Critical thinking skills can be trained using the discovery learning scientific approach. Based on the above, research was conducted to produce a discovery learning-based E-Book, describe the validity and practicality of the E-Book. The research used the ADDIE development model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The parameters were based on the validity level, as assessed by three validators, and the practicality, which was evaluated based on readability and student responses. The research was piloted with 36 eleventh-grade students from F-3 class at Hang Tuah 1 Surabaya High School. The E-Book's validity, based on the aspects of content, presentation, language, and its ability to train critical thinking, was found to be 3.84, categorized as very valid. The readability test result showed a level 11, which was suitable for the target users, with a 91.6% percentage, categorized as very good. The students' response to the E-Book indicated a 97.62% positive percentage, categorized as very practical. Therefore, it was concluded that the discovery learning-based E-Book on the excretory system material developed was valid and practical as a teaching material. The use of the E-Book can be utilized to train the critical thinking skills of eleventh-grade students as it was developed to facilitate students in practicing critical thinking skills.

Keywords: E-Book, discovery learning, critical thinking skills, excretory system.