MODAL SOSIAL DAN CIVIC CULTURE MASYARAKAT SUDIROPRAJAN DI KOTA SURAKARTA (STUDI KASUS TRADISI GREBEG SUDIRO)

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND CIVIC CULTURE OF THE SUDIROPRAJAN SOCIETY IN THE CITY OF SURAKARTA (CASE STUDY OF THE GREBEG SUDIRO TRADITION)

Kemerosotan modal sosial dalam masyarakat kota merosot dengan adanya kasus intoleransi dan keletihan sosial akibat pandemi COVID-19. Sebaliknya, di tengah diversitas masyarakat, ada gebrakan budaya yang merepresentasikan modal sosial yang kuat. Bukan perpecahan yang hadir dalam kehidupan multikultural, namun kekuatan identitas lokal yang dikenal hingga mancanegara. Adanya Grebeg Sudiro sebagai hasil modal sosial yang kuat dalam Masyarakat Sudiroprajan, menarik untuk diteliti. Dikarenakan, tradisi lingkup lokal ini dapat dikenal secara luas dan mendatangkan ribuan wisatawan. Masyarakat dan pemerintahan kota bekerja sama dalam pelestarian budaya lokal ini. Peneliti ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan modal sosial Masyarakat Sudiroprajan serta kemunculan civic culture masyarakat. Peneliti menggunakan teori modal sosial Robert Putnam dan civic culture Gabriel Almond untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Kualitatif sebagai metode penelitian dengan pengumpulan data berupa observasi partisipatif dan wawancara secara mendalam. Observasi partisipan untuk mengamati secara langsung interaksi sosial selama penyelenggaraan tradisi serta membangun kedekatan dengan informan. Informan yang dituju informan memiliki kriteria yaitu sebagai penyelenggara Grebeg Sudiro, inisiator, pemerintah kelurahan, serta tokoh masyarakat. Teknik analisis berupa reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan yang akan disajikan dalam temuan dan hasil analisis. Temuan data peneliti berupa sejarah Kampung Sudiroprajan dan Grebeg Sudiro. Selain itu, perkembangan relasi dalam Grebeg Sudiro 2023 berupa penyelenggara, pendukung, serta partisipan Grebeg Sudiro dijelaskan secara rinci oleh peneliti. Modal sosial yang dimiliki Masyarakat Sudiroprajan terdiri atas kepercayaan (mutual trust),jaringan sosial, dan norma-norma sosial. Kepercayaan sebagai kunci utama modal sosial. Kepercayaan terlihat dari pembagian peran dan tanggungjawab kepanitiaan Grebeg Sudiro 2023. Adanya persamaan secara historis sebagai kampung pembauran serta adanya moderasi agama dalam menjalankan tradisi Grebeg Sudiro. Hal ini yang menyebabkan rasa saling percaya karena adanya toleransi. Jaringan sosial yang dibentuk secara internal, yaitu Bonding social capital dapat membentuk ikatan personal dan eksklusif dalam sesama anggota masyarakat. Jaringan sosial dalam Bridging social capital berupa kerja sama kepada pihak ketiga. Kerja sama mempermudah penyelenggaraan, berupa perizinan, pendanaan, keamanan, perlengkapan, dan sebagainya. Kemudian, norma sosial dibentuk secara horizontal dan vertikal. Modal sosial masyarakat memunculkan civic culture masyarakat. Dikarenakan secara penuh masyarakat secara mandiri menerapkan efikasi politik sehingga Grebeg Sudiro tetap diakuisisi oleh masyarakat kampung. Selain itu, justru ada pengembangan wisata kuliner di daerah Sudiroprajan. 

The decline in social capital in urban society has decreased with cases of intolerance and social fatigue due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On the contrary, amidst the diversity of society, there is a cultural breakthrough that represents strong social capital. It's not the divisions that exist in multicultural life, but the strength of local identity that is known to foreign countries. The existence of Grebeg Sudiro as a result of strong social capital in the Sudiroprajan Society is interesting to study. Because this local tradition can be widely known and attracts thousands of tourists. The community and city government work together in preserving this local culture. This researcher aims to describe the social capital of the Sudiroprajan Community and the emergence of the community's civic culture. The researcher uses Robert Putnam's theory of social capital and Gabriel Almond's civic culture to answer the problem formulation. Qualitative as a research method with data collection in the form of participatory observation and in-depth interviews. Observation of participants to directly observe social interactions during the implementation of traditions and to build closeness with informants. The informants who were addressed by the informants had criteria, namely as Grebeg Sudiro organizers, initiators, sub-district government, and community leaders. The analytical techniques are in the form of reduction, data presentation, and conclusion which will be presented in the findings and results of the analysis. The findings of the research data are in the form of the history of Sudiroprajan Village and Grebeg Sudiro. In addition, the development of relations in Grebeg Sudiro 2023 in the form of organizers, supporters, and participants of Grebeg Sudiro is explained in detail by the researcher. Social capital owned by the Sudiroprajan Community consists of trust (mutual trust), social networks, and social norms. Trust is the main key to social capital. Trust can be seen from the division of roles and responsibilities of the Grebeg Sudiro 2023 committee. There are historical similarities as an assimilation village and there is religious moderation in carrying out the Grebeg Sudiro tradition. This is what causes mutual trust because of tolerance. Social networks that are formed internally, namely bonding social capital can form personal and exclusive bonds among members of the community. Social networks in Bridging social capital are in the form of cooperation with third parties. Cooperation facilitates implementation, in the form of permits, funding, security, equipment, and so on. Then, social norms are formed horizontally and vertically. The social capital of society gives rise to the civic culture of society. Because the community fully implemented political efficacy independently, Grebeg Sudiro was still acquired by the village community. In addition, there is a development of culinary tourism in the Sudiroprajan area.