Arketipe Para Paraga sajrone Novel Sawarane Ati Anggitane Sela Istigfari (Tintingan Psikologi Analitik Carl Gustav Jung)

Archetypes in the Novel Sawarane Ati By Sela Istigfari (A Jungian Analytical Psychology Perspective)

Arketipe merupakan bagian dari struktur kepribadian manusia menurut Carl Gustav Jung yang termasuk dalam ketidaksadaran kolektif dan terdiri atas empat jenis, yaitu topeng (persona), bayangan (shadow), anima dan animus, serta diri (self). Novel Sawarane Ati karya Sela Istigfari merupakan novel yang menggambarkan kompleksitas jiwa para tokoh yang menceritakan perjuangan tokoh Bu Sari dan ketiga anaknya dalam menghadapi berbagai persoalan kehidupan setelah ditinggal meninggal oleh suaminya hingga proses menuju keutuhan diri. Arketipe memengaruhi tindakan dan kondisi batin para tokoh yaitu Bu Sari, Laras, Bagas, dan Raka. Melalui analisis data yang mendalam ditemukan bentuk-bentuk arketipe dalam kepribadian para tokoh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan psikologi analitik Carl Gustav Jung dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh dari novel Sawarane Ati, buku pendukung, dan artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui membaca, mencatat, dan studi pustaka, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya empat bentuk arketipe. Arketipe topeng (persona) para tokoh ditunjukkan melalui ekspresi artifisial (berusaha terlihat baik-baik saja), menyimpan keinginan, dan berusaha sabar. Arketipe bayangan (shadow) tampak dalam bentuk rasa bingung, khawatiran, sedih, dan frustasi. Arketipe anima terlihat dalam perasaan tidak mampu menjadi harapan keluarga dan sikap penuh perhatian, sedangkan animus tampak dalam tekad yang kuat, ketegasan, serta usaha menghidupi keluarga. Arketipe diri (self) ditunjukkan melalui sikap legawa dan kesadaran untuk mengubah diri. Arketipe yang paling menonjol adalah topeng (persona) karena paling jelas terlihat dalam tindakan dan hubungan sosial para tokoh serta berkaitan dengan arketipe lainnya, yaitu bayangan (shadow) dan anima-animus yang mendukung proses perkembangan diri (self). Setiap tokoh memiliki kepribadian yang berbeda. Bu Sari digambarkan sebagai ibu yang sabar dan bertanggung jawab, Laras sebagai anak yang tegas dan memiliki daya juang namun masih menyimpan konflik batin, Bagas dipenuhi konflik antara persona dan perasaan batinnya, sedangkan Raka sebagai anak bungsu digambarkan polos dan sering mengekspresikan perasaan batinnya secara langsung.

Kata kunci: Arketipe, topeng (persona), bayangan (shadow), anima dan animus, diri (self).

Archetypes are part of the structure of human personality according to Carl Gustav Jung which is included in the collective unconscious and consists of four types, namely persona, shadow, anima and animus, and self. The novel Sawarane Ati by Sela Istigfari is a novel that depicts the complexity of the souls of the characters that tells the struggle of the character of Mrs. Sari and her three children in facing various life problems after being left behind by her husband to the process towards self-integrity. Archetypes affect the actions and mental conditions of the characters, namely Bu Sari, Laras, Bagas, and Raka. Through in-depth data analysis, archetypal forms were found in the personalities of the characters. This study uses the analytical psychology approach of Carl Gustav Jung with a qualitative type of research. The data sources were obtained from Sawarane Ati's novel, supporting books, and articles related to research topics. Data collection techniques are carried out through reading, taking notes, and studying literature, while data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions/verification. The results of the study show that there are four archetypal forms. The archetypes of the characters' personas are shown through artificial expressions (trying to look okay), saving desires, and trying to be patient. The shadow archetype appears in the form of confusion, worry, sadness, and frustration. The anima archetype is seen in the feeling of not being able to be the family's expectations and attentive attitude, while animus is seen in strong determination, assertiveness, and efforts to support the family. The archetype of the self is shown through an attitude of self-reliance and awareness to change oneself. The most prominent archetype is persona because it is most clearly seen in the actions and social relationships of the characters and related to other archetypes, namely shadows and anima-animus that support the process of self-development. Each character has a different personality. Mrs. Sari is described as a patient and responsible mother, Laras as a child who is firm and has fighting power but still harbors inner conflicts, Bagas is filled with conflicts between his persona and inner feelings, while Raka as the youngest child is described as innocent and often expresses his inner feelings directly.

Keywords: Archetype, persona, shadow, anima and animus, self.