Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Berbasis Discovery Learning Untuk Melatih Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Materi Sistem Saraf dan Indera

Development Of Interactive E-Module Based On Discovery Learning For Training Critical Thinking Skills On Nervous and Sensory System Material 

Keterampilan berpikir kritis menjadi keterampilan yang esensial untuk dilatihkan di abad ke-21. Namun, hasil penelitian menunjukkan implementasi keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik masih di bawah rata-rata. Kondisi ini dapat berdampak pada lemahnya kemampuan memecahkan masalah, khususnya pada materi Biologi yang bersifat kompleks dan abstrak seperti sistem saraf dan indera. Untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut, diperlukan media pembelajaran inovatif yang mampu memfasilitasi keterlibatan peserta didik dalam proses belajar. Salah satunya adalah e-modul interaktif yang menerapkan sintaks discovery learning, sehingga terlaksana mendorong peserta didik dalam menemukan konsep materi karena menekankan proses berpikir kritis dan analisis. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan e-modul interaktif berbasis discovery learning yang layak secara teoretis (valid) dan empiris (praktis) dalam melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis pada materi sistem saraf dan indera. Penelitian menggunakan model 4D (define, design, develop, dan disseminate) dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 36 peserta didik kelas XI SMAN 21 Surabaya. Kelayakan teoretis diperoleh dari uji validasi oleh tiga validator, sedangkan kelayakan empiris didapatkan melalui dua uji kepraktisan, yaitu keterlaksanaan sintaks discovery learning oleh dua observer dan angket respons peserta didik. Hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil uji validasi memperoleh persentase 93,83% untuk kategori sangat valid. Hasil observasi keterlaksanaan sintaks discovery learning menghasilkan persentase 91,2% tergolong kategori terlaksana, serta hasil angket respons menunjukkan persentase 96,4% termasuk kategori praktis. Dengan demikian, e-modul interaktif berbasis discovery learning dinyatakan layak secara teoretis dan empiris dalam melatihkan keenam indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis menurut Facione (interpretasi, analisis, inferensi, eksplanasi, evaluasi, dan regulasi diri) peserta didik materi sistem saraf dan indera. 

Critical thinking skills are one of the most essential competencies to be developed in the 21st century. However, studies show that students' critical thinking abilities still remain in below average. This condition can affect their capacity to solve problems, especially in complex and abstract biology topics such as the nervous and sensory system. To overcome this challenge, innovative learning media are needed to support active student engagement. One potential solution is an interactive e-module designed based on the phase of discovery learning, which guides students in exploring and constructing concepts through critical thinking processes. This study aims to develop an interactive e-module based on discovery learning that is theoretically valid and empirically practical for enhancing students’ critical thinking skills in the topic of the nervous and sensory system. The research used the 4D development model (define, design, develop, and disseminate) and involved 36 eleventh-grade students at SMAN 21 Surabaya. The module’s theoretical feasibility was assessed through expert validation, while empirical feasibility was measured through two practical tests, such as observations of discovery implementation and student response questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using descriptive quantitative methods. Validation results showed 93.83% score, categorized as “highly valid.” Implementation observations showed 91.2% score, categorized as “applied,” and student responses reached 96.4%, categorized as “practiced.” Therefore, the interactive e-module based on discovery learning is declared theoretically and empirically feasible in training the six indicators of critical thinking skills according to Facione (interpretation, analysis, inference, explanation, evaluation, and self-regulation) for students of nervous and sensory system.