Tinjauan Yuridis Hak Pekerja Asing yang Mengundurkan Diri (Studi Putusan Nomor 75 K/PDT.SUS-PHI/2024)

Legal Review of the Rights of Resigning Foreign Workers (Case Study of Decision Number 75 K/PDT.SUS-PHI/2024)

Penelitian ini mengkaji perselisihan hubungan industrial antara John William Anderson, seorang pekerja asing, dan PT Energi Sengkang, yang berpusat pada klaim hak pensiun. Permasalahan timbul akibat penolakan perusahaan yang mengklaim Peraturan Perusahaan terkait telah kedaluwarsa, serta klasifikasi John William Anderson oleh Mahkamah Agung sebagai "pengusaha" berdasarkan status direkturnya, meskipun ia tidak memiliki saham. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada upaya menyelaraskan kepastian hukum dengan keadilan substantif bagi pekerja asing dengan masa kerja panjang, serta menganalisis relevansi klasifikasi direktur sebagai pekerja atau pengusaha dalam konteks hak ketenagakerjaan. Mengadopsi metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual, penelitian ini menganalisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 75 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa John William Anderson lebih tepat dikategorikan sebagai pekerja, bukan pengusaha, mengingat karakteristik hubungan kerja subordinatifnya. Meskipun hak pensiun bagi pekerja asing PKWT umumnya tidak diakui, potensi ganti rugi berdasarkan Pasal 62 Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan dapat menjadi landasan hukum alternatif yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk menjamin keadilan.

Keywords: Pekerja Asing, Hak Pensiun, Hubungan Kerja, Direktur.

This study examines an industrial relations dispute between John William Anderson, a foreign worker, and PT Energi Sengkang, centered on a pension rights claim. The issue arose from the company's rejection, asserting that the relevant Company Regulation had expired, and the Supreme Court's classification of John William Anderson as an "entrepreneur" based on his director status, despite his lack of share ownership. The urgency of this research lies in its endeavor to reconcile legal certainty with substantive justice for foreign workers with extensive tenure, and to analyze the relevance of classifying a director as either an employee or an entrepreneur within the context of labor rights. Adopting a normative legal research methodology with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes Supreme Court Decision Number 75 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024. The research findings indicate that John William Anderson is more accurately categorized as an employee, not an entrepreneur, given the characteristics of his subordinate employment relationship. Although pension rights for foreign workers under Fixed-Term Employment Contracts are generally not recognized, the potential for compensation based on Article 62 of the Manpower Law warrants consideration as an alternative legal basis to ensure justice.

Keywords: Foreign Worker, Pension Rights, Employment Relationship, Director