TINJAUAN YURIDIS SERTIFIKAT TANAH ELEKTRONIK SEBAGAI BUKTI KEPEMILIKAN TANAH DI INDONESIA

JURIDICAL REVIEW OF ELECTRONIC LAND CERTIFICATES AS EVIDENCE OF LAND OWNERSHIP IN INDONESIA

Permasalahan bukti kepemilikan tanah di Indonesia mendorong pemerintah terus berinovasi demi mewujudkan program e-government. Inovasi yang dilakukan adalah mengubah sertifikat analog menjadi sertifikat elektronik sebagaimana Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN tahun 2021 tentang sertifikat elektronik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kekuatan pembuktian sertifikat elektronik dan kepastian hukum dari sertifikat elektronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan terhadap konsep dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang melibatkan bahan hukum utama dan bahan hukum pendukung. Hasil penelitian ini memaparkan bahwa sertifikat tanah elektronik diakui memiliki kekuatan hukum yang setara dengan sertifikat konvensional berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja dan UU ITE. Sertifikat elektronik unggul dalam fleksibilitas, aksesibilitas, dan kemudahan administrasi. Penggunaan teknologi elektronik dalam administrasi pertanahan diharapkan meningkatkan efisiensi, transparansi, keamanan, serta meminimalkan sengketa tanah. Kepastian hukum data sertifikat elektronik dijamin UU ITE, PP tentang Sistem Elektronik, dan regulasi terkait perlindungan data elektronik. Penting menerapkan langkah keamanan memadai seperti enkripsi dan tanda tangan elektronik. Penerapan sertifikat elektronik bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan keamanan dan validitas data, serta mengurangi duplikasi atau pemalsuan sertifikat. Kata Kunci: Sertifikat Elektronik, Kepastian Hukum, Tanah, Kepemilikan, Pembuktian.

The issue of land ownership proof in Indonesia has prompted the government to continually innovate in order to realize e-government programs. One such innovation involves the transformation of analog certificates into electronic certificates, as stipulated in the Minister of ATR/BPN Regulation of 2021 on electronic certificates. The objective of this research is to understand the evidentiary strength of electronic certificates and the legal certainty they provide. The study employs a normative method with an approach to the concepts and legal regulations involved. Secondary data sources are utilized, involving primary legal materials and supporting legal documents. The results of this study show that electronic land certificates are recognized as having legal force equal to conventional certificates based on the Job Creation Law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Electronic certificates have advantages in flexibility, accessibility, and ease of administration. The use of electronic technology in land administration is expected to improve efficiency, transparency, security, and minimize land disputes. Legal certainty regarding electronic certificate data security is guaranteed by the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, Government Regulations concerning Electronic Systems, and regulations related to electronic data protection. It is important to implement adequate security measures such as encryption and electronic signatures. The implementation of electronic certificates is beneficial for increasing data security and validity, as well as reducing duplication or falsification of certificates. Keywords: Electronic Certificate, Legal Certainty, Land, Ownership, Proof.