PENGARUH SUKU BUNGA, BOPO, CAR, NIM TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK BUMN Periode 2019 – 2024
THE EFFECT OF INTEREST RATES, BOPO, CAR, NIM ON THE PROFITABILITY OF STATE-OWNED BANKS IN THE PERIOD 2019 –2024
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh suku bunga, Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), dan Net Interest Margin (NIM) terhadap profitabilitas bank-bank BUMN di Indonesia pada periode 2019–2024. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Bank Indonesia, World Bank, serta laporan keuangan tahunan lima bank BUMN (BRI, BNI, BTN, Bank Mandiri, dan Bank Raya Indonesia). Analisis dilakukan oleh peneliti menggunakan metode regresi data panel dengan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) yang telah terpilih berdasarkan uji Chow dan Hausman. Hasil olah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BOPO berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ROA, sementara NIM dan suku bunga berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ROA. Sebaliknya, CAR tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA. Uji F menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variabel secara simultan memengaruhi profitabilitas, dengan nilai R-square sebesar 0,9986 yang berarti 99% variasi profitabilitas dapat dijelaskan oleh model. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya efisiensi operasional, pengelolaan suku bunga, dan optimalisasi margin dalam meningkatkan profitabilitas bank.
This study investigates the effect of interest rates, Operational Costs to Operating Income (BOPO), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Net Interest Margin (NIM) on the profitability of Indonesian state-owned banks (BUMN) during the period 2019–2024. Using secondary data obtained from Bank Indonesia, the World Bank, and annual financial statements of five state-owned banks (BRI, BNI, BTN, Bank Mandiri, and Bank Raya Indonesia), the analysis employs panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), selected through Chow and Hausman tests. The results show that BOPO has a significant negative effect on ROA, while NIM and interest rates have a significant positive effect on ROA. Conversely, CAR has no significant effect on ROA. The F-test indicates that all variables simultaneously influence profitability, with an R-square of 0.9986, demonstrating that 99% of profitability variation is explained by the model. These findings highlight the importance of operational efficiency, interest rate management, and margin optimization in enhancing bank profitability.
Keywords: Interest Rate, BOPO, CAR, NIM, Profitability, ROA, State-Owned Banks