Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian untuk Mengukur Keterampilan Literasi Sains pada Submateri Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia

Development of Assessment Instrument to Measure Science Literacy Skill in The Submatery of The Human Blood Circulation System

Kurikulum 2013 menekankan peserta didik untuk menguasai keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Salah satu keterampilan yang wajib dikuasai yaitu keterampilan literasi sains. Literasi sains merupakan keterampilan untuk memahami cara penggunaan sains, cara sains diperoleh, dan cara membedakan sains dengan pengetahuan lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan validitas, reliabilitas, dan  tingkat kesukaran soal instrumen penilaian serta mengukur keterampilan literasi sains terhadap submateri sistem peredaran darah manusia. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode R&D, namun hanya sampai tahap ke enam yaitu uji coba terbatas. Instrumen penilaian berisikan lima belas soal pilihan ganda dengan empat opsi pilihan. Validasi teoritis dilaksanakan oleh ahli pendidikan dan materi. Instrumen validasi menggunakan skala Guttman terdiri dari enam belas pernyataan terkait aspek materi, konstruk, dan bahasa. Validitas empiris ditentukan berdasarkan hasil uji coba terbatas terhadap 20 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA SMA Labschool Unesa dengan mengidentifikasi validitas empiris, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran soal, dan keterampilan literasi sains. Hasil validitas teoritis mendapatkan nilai 100% dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil validitas empiris mendapatkan nilai 86,67% dengan kategori valid. Hasil uji reliabilitas mendapatkan nilai 0,722 dengan kategori valid. Proporsi tingkat kesukaran soal menunjukkan 13% soal sukar, 74% soal sedang, dan 13% soal mudah. Tingkat keterampilan literasi sains peserta didik menunjukkan rata-rata nilai 51,67 dengan kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk instrumen penilaian keterampilan literasi sains pada submateri sistem peredaran darah manusia telah dinyatakan valid, reliabel, dan dapat mengukur keterampilan literasi sains peserta didik.

Kata Kunci: Instrumen penilaian, keterampilan literasi sains, sistem peredaran darah manusia.

The 2013 curriculum requires students to understand higher-order thinking skills. One of the skills that must be required is science literacy skills. Science literacy is a skill to understand how science is used, how science is obtained, and how science can be distinguished from other knowledge. This research aimed to describe the validity, reliability, and level of difficulty test items of assessment instrument and to measure science literacy skills towards the sub material of human circulatory system. The research method used the R&D method, but only up to the sixth stage, which is a limited trial. The assessment instrument contains fifteen multiple-choice items with four choice options. Theoretical validation is carried out by education and material expert. The validation instrument uses the Guttman scale consisting of sixteen statements related to material, construct, and language aspects. Empirical validity was determined based on limited trials of 20 students of class XI MIPA SMA Labschool Unesa to identify empirical validity, reliability, the difficulty level of questions, and science literacy skills. The results of theoretical validity showed value of 100% with a very valid category. The results of empirical validity showed a value of 86.67% with the valid category. Reliability test results showed value of 0.722 in the valid category. The proportion of difficulty level was 13% difficult category, 74% moderate category, and 13% easy category. The level of science literacy skills of students showed an average value of 51.67 in the moderate category. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the product of science literacy skills assessment instrument in the sub material of the human circulatory system was valid, reliable, and can measure student’s science literacy skills.

Keywords: assessment instrument, science literacy skill, human blood circulation system.