Potensi Astropecten indicus Doderlein, 1888 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) Sebagai Bioindikator Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) di Pantai Kabupaten Tuban

The Potential of Astropecten indicus Doderlein, 1888 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) As Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) in the Coast of Tuban District

Pantai Kabupaten Tuban merupakan kawasan pesisir yang dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai kegiatan sehingga rentan mengalami pencemaran Pb di perairan. Astropecten indicus adalah spesies bintang yang banyak ditemukan di Pantai Kabupaten Tuban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mendeskripsikan kepadatan bintang laut Astropecten indicus di Pantai Kabupaten Tuban, 2) menganalisis kandungan timbal (Pb) air laut, sedimen, dan bintang laut Astropecten indicus di Pantai Kabupaten Tuban, 3) mendeskripsikan kualitas perairan di Pantai Kabupaten Tuban, dan 4) menganalisis hubungan kadar timbal (pb) air laut dan sedimen dengan kadar timbal (pb) pada bintang laut Astropecten indicus di Pantai Kabupaten Tuban. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif eksploratif yang dilakukan di tiga Pantai Kabupaten Tuban yaitu Pantai Cemoro Gadon, Pantai Mangrove Center, dan Pantai Asmoroqondi selama bulan September sampai November 2022. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode transek kuadran dengan total 15 stasiun. Sampel diambil dari 300 plot yang berukuran 1×1 m². Pengujian kadar Pb dilakukan di Laboratorium Gizi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantatif dan statistik menggunakan uji korelasi pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan Astropecten indicus tertinggi di Pantai Cemoro Gadon yaitu 1,88±0,29 individu/m² dan kepadatan Astropecten indicus terendah di Pantai Asmoroqondi yaitu 1,84±0,43 individu/m². Kandungan timbal (Pb) pada air laut, sedimen, dan bintang laut Astropecten indicus di Pantai Kabupaten Tuban telah melampaui baku mutu yang diperbolehkan yaitu 0,137±0,037 mg/L pada air laut, 2,166±0,195 mg/L pada sedimen, dan 1,842±0,560 mg/L pada Astropecten indicus. Kualitas perairan di Pantai Kabupaten Tuban tergolong kurang baik dengan 3 parameter yang terdeteksi tidak sesuai dengan baku mutu yaitu kecerahan, salinitas dan DO. Hubungan kadar timbal (Pb) pada air laut dan sedimen dengan kadar timbal (Pb) pada bintang laut Astropecten indicus menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bintang laut Astropecten indicus berpotensi digunakan sebagai bioindiktor pencemaran timbal (Pb) di Pantai Kabupaten Tuban dan dapat digunakan dalam kegiatan monitoring kualitas perairan laut.

Kata kunci: Kepadatan, Pantai Asmoroqondi, Pantai Cemoro Gadon, Pantai Mangrove Center

Tuban Regency Beach is a coastal area that is used for various activities so it is susceptible to Pb pollution in the waters. Astropecten indicus is a star species that can be found on the coast of Tuban Regency. This study aims to 1) describe the density of Astropecten indicus starfish on the coast of Tuban Regency, 2) analyze the lead (Pb) content of seawater, sediment, and starfish Astropecten indicus on the coast of Tuban Regency, 3) describe the quality of the waters on the coast of Tuban Regency, and 4) analyzing the relationship between seawater and sediment lead (Pb) levels with lead (Pb) levels in the Astropecten indicus starfish on the coast of Tuban Regency. This research is an exploratory descriptive study conducted at three beaches in Tuban Regency, namely Cemoro Gadon Beach, Mangrove Center Beach, and Asmoroqondi Beach from September to November 2022. Sampling used the quadrant transect method with a total of 15 stations. Samples were taken from 300 plots measuring 1×1 m². Testing for Pb levels was carried out at the Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative and statistical descriptive manner using the Pearson correlation test. The results showed that the highest Astropecten indicus density was at Cemoro Gadon Beach, namely 1.88±0.29 individuals/m² and the lowest Astropecten indicus density was at Asmoroqondi Beach, namely 1.84±0.43 individuals/m². The content of lead (Pb) in seawater, sediment, and Astropecten indicus starfish on the coast of Tuban Regency has exceeded the permitted quality standards, namely 0.137±0.037 mg/L in seawater, 2.166±0.195 mg/L in sediment, and 1.842±0.560 mg/L in Astropecten indicus . The quality of the waters on the coast of Tuban Regency is classified as poor with 3 detected parameters, not by the quality standards, namely brightness, salinity, and DO. The relationship between lead (Pb) levels in seawater and sediments and lead (Pb) levels in the Astropecten indicus starfish shows a significant relationship. Thus it can be concluded that the Astropecten indicus starfish has the potential to be used as a lead (Pb) pollution bioindicator in Tuban Regency Beach and can be used in monitoring the quality of marine waters.

Keywords: Density, Asmoroqondi Beach, Cemoro Gadon Beach, Mangrove Center Beach