Analisis Kemampuan Multirepresentasi Peserta Didik SMA dalam Memecahkan Masalah pada Materi Usaha dan Energi

Analysis of High School Student Multirepresentation Ability in Solving Problems on Work and Energy Materials

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kelayakan instrumen dan menganalisis kemampuan multirepresentasi peserta didik dalam memecahkan masalah pada materi usaha dan energi. Penelitian ini pendekatan mix methods dengan sequential explanatory design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI MIPA SMA Al-Islam Krian. Instrumen yang digunakan yakni angket, lembar tes multirepresentasi, dan pedoman wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan adalah validitas teoretis, validitas empiris, reliabilitas, taraf kesukaran, daya pembeda, penilaian kemampuan multirepresentasi, dan analisis data wawancara. Hasil analisis validitas teoretis instrumen tes kemampuan multirepresentasi pada ranah isi, konstruksi, dan bahasa memperoleh nilai rata-rata Percentage of Agreement (PoA) masing-masing 86%, 93%, dan 93% yang berada pada kriteria sangat valid. Kualitas pedoman wawancara diperoleh nilai Percentage of Agreement (PoA) pada ranah isi sebesar 86%, ranah konstruksi sebesar 100%, dan ranah bahasa sebesar 89% dengan kriteria sangat valid. Instrumen yang telah dinyatakan valid secara teoretis digunakan untuk uji coba terbatas kepada 39 peserta didik kelas XI-10 SMA Al-Islam Krian.  Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 7 butir soal yang dinyatakan layak digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan multirepresentasi dengan syarat, validitas empiris mengahasilkan 8 soal berkategori, reliabel, 7 soal dengan taraf kesukaran sedang, dan 7 soal dengan daya pembeda kategori cukup. Instrumen yang layak digunakan, diujicobakan secara luas kepada 37 peserta didik kelas XI-9 SMA Al-Islam Krian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemampuan multirepresentasi peserta didik dalam memecahkan masalah pada materi usaha dan energi pada kategori membutuhkan pengembangan sebesar 20%, kurang mampu sebesar 69%, dan salah sebesar 11%. Peserta didik pada kategori membutuhkan pengembangan tertarik dengan format soal-soal yang digunakan dalam tes. Akan tetapi, peserta didik masih kesulitan untuk merepresentasikan ulang soal. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah memahami soal, menjawab sesuai dengan langkah-langkah, dan strategi untuk menjawab soal dengan benar. Peserta didik kategori kurang mampu kesulitan untuk merepresentasikan ulang soal namun memiliki strategi untuk menjawab soal. Sedangkan, peserta didik pada kategori salah kesulitan dalam merepresentasikan ulang soal karena tidak memiliki langkah-langkah dan strategi untuk menjawab.

Kata kunci: Kemampuan Multirepresentasi, Pemecahan Masalah, Usaha dan Energi

This research aims to describe the instrument's feasibility and analyze students' multi-representation ability in solving problems on work and energy materials. This research uses a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. The subjects of this study were students of class XI MIPA SMA Al-Islam Krian. The instruments used are questionnaires, multi-representation test sheets, and interview guidelines. The data analysis techniques used were theoretical validity, empirical validity, reliability, level of difficulty, distinguishing power, multi-representation ability scores, and interview data analysis. The results of the theoretical validity analysis of the multi-representation ability test instrument in the domains of content, construction, and language obtained an average Percentage of Agreement (PoA) value of 86%, 93%, and 93%, respectively, which are very valid criteria. The quality of the interview guidelines obtained a Percentage of Agreement (PoA) value in the content domain of 86%, construction domain of 100%, and language domain of 89%, with very valid criteria. Instruments declared theoretically valid are used for limited trials to 39 students of class XI-10 SMA Al-Islam Krian. The results of the analysis showed that 7 items were declared feasible to use to measure multi-representation skills with conditions, the empirical validity obtained 80% of the items are categorized as valid, reliable, the level of difficulty obtained 7 questions in the medium category, and the distinguishing power obtained 7 questions with sufficient index. The feasible instruments are widely tested on 37 students of class XI-9 SMA Al-Islam Krian. The analysis results show that students' multi-representation ability in solving problems on work and energy materials in the category needs some improvement 20%, inadequate 69%, and missing 11%. Students in the category need some improvement were interested in the format of the questions used in the test. However, students still have difficulty representing the problem. They made some effort to understand the problem, answered according to the steps, and had a strategy to answer the question correctly. Students in the inadequate category had difficulty re-representing the problem but had a strategy to answer the problem. Meanwhile, students in the missing category had difficulty representing the problem because they did not have steps and strategies to answer. Thus, 7 instruments are feasible to use and can analyze the multi-representation ability of students in solving problems on work  and energy materials.

Keywords: Multi-representation Ability, Problem Solving, Work and Energy