Potensi Serbuk Selulosa Rumput Teki Kuning (Cyperus esculentus) sebagai Adsorben Logam Timbal (Pb) Di Air

 Potential of Yellow Teki (Cyperus esculentus) Grass Powder as Lead Metal Biosorben in Water

    Permasalahan ekologis yang menjadi salah satu perhatian badan perairan adalah tersebarnya logam berat timbal yang bersifat toksik bagi lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan metode penyerapan logam timbal yang mudah dan ramah lingkungan seperti dengan memanfaatkan biomassa rumput teki sebagai adsorben. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis sampel dan konsentrasi serbuk selulosa rumput teki kuning (Cyperus esculentus) terhadap efisiensi penyerapan logam timbal dan kapasitas adsorpsinya, serta model isoterm adsorpsinya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan acak lengkap dua faktor perlakuan yaitu jenis sampel (A, B, C, D) dan konsentrasi adsorben (0,5 gr dan 1 gr). Pengulangan sampel sebanyak tiga kali, dengan 24 sampel perlakuan. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan biomassa, aktivasi adsorben (Organosolv, delignifikasi NaOH, hidrolisis asam kuat), dan pengaplikasian adsorben. Ion logam yang teradsorpsi dihitung berdasarkan selisih logam timbal sebelum dan setelah adsorpsi dengan menggunakan AAS dan karakterisasi gugus fungsi dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan statistik dengan menggunakan analisis varian dua arah dan uji lanjut Duncant Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk selulosa rumput teki mampu menurunkan logam timbal, dengan sampel C (aktivasi NaOH 10%) konsentrasi 1 gram sebagai sampel yang memiliki daya adsorpsi logam tertinggi, dengan nilai efisiensi penyerapan logam timbal sebesar 77% dan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 0,157 mg/gr. Model isoterm adsorpsi langmuir lebih sesuai terhadap proses adsorpsi timbal.

Kata kunci: Rumput Teki Kuning (Cyperus esculentus); Selulosa; Adsorpsi; Logam Timbal (Pb).

Ecological problems that become one of the concern of water bodies are the spread of lead heavy metals which are toxic to the environment, so that the method of adsorption of lead metals that is easy and environmentally friendly is needed, such as by utilizing teki grass biomass as an adsorbent. This study aims to determine the effect of sample types and concentrations of cellulose powder in yellow teki grass (Cyperus esculentus) on the efficiency of lead metal adsorption and its adsorptions capacity, and adsorption isoterm model. This type of research is experimental using a completely randomized design of two treatment factors namely the type of sample (A,B,C,D) and adsorbents concentrations (0,5 gr and 1 gr). Repeat the sample three times, with 24 treatment samples. The research method was carried out by biomass uptake, activating adsorbents (organosolv, NaOH delignification, strong acids hydrolysis), and application of adsorbents. Adsorbed metal ions were calculated based on lead metal differences before and after adsorption using AAS and function group characterization using FTIR spectophotometer. Data were analyzed descriptively, and statistically using two way analysis of variance and Duncant Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the teki grass cellulose powder was able to reduce lead metal, with sample C (activation of  NaOH 10%) concentration of 1 gram as a sample that had the highest metal adsorption power, with a value of lead metal adsorption efficiency of 77% and adsorption capacity of 0,157 mg/gr. The langmuir adsorption isoterm model more suitable for the lead adsorption process.

Key words: Yellow Teki Grass (Cyperus esculentus); Cellulose; Adsorption; Lead Metal (Pb).