Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Analisis Filogenetik Beberapa Spesies Famili Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) dari Pantai Nunuhu, Maluku Utara Berdasarkan Sekuens Gen COI

Morphological Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Several Species of the Muricidae Family (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Nunuhu Beach, North Maluku Based on COI Gene Sequences

Penelitian mengenai Famili Muricidae di Indonesia sebagian besar hanya berfokus pada inventarisasi, keberadaan spesies baru, dan morfologi cangkangnya. Selain itu, database sekuens Famili Muricidae Indonesia di Genbank masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi morfologi dan analisis filogenetik beberapa spesies Famili Muricidae yang ditemukan di Pantai Nunuhu, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai, Provinsi Maluku Utara berdasarkan sekuens gen COI. Ketujuh sampel penelitian merupakan spesimen koleksi Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional yang belum teridentifikasi. Karakterisasi morfologi dilakukan dengan identifikasi langsung pada cangkang. Identifikasi molekuler meliputi: ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi menggunakan primer HCO2198 dan LCO1490, elektroforesis, sekuensing, dan analisis bioinformatika (BOLDsystems, MEGA 7.0, SequenceMatrix v1.7.8., MrBayes v3.2.7., da FigTree v1.4.4.). Sampel pembanding ingroup dan outgroup didapatkan dari Genbank NCBI. Hasil penelitian telah berhasil mengkarakterisasi delapan ciri khas Tenguella granulata, sembilan ciri khas Drupa morum, dan enam ciri khas Mancinella armigera. Hasil identifikasi DNA diperoleh sekuens sepanjang 613bp dengan nilai similaritas 97,71% hingga 100%. Dari hasil pengamatan morfologi dan identifikasi molekuler diketahui bahwa terdapat tiga spesies Famili Muricidae yang ditemukan di Pantai Nunuhu, antara lain dua individu Tenguella granulata, satu individu Drupa morum, dan empat individu Mancinella armigera. Topologi filogenetik menggunakan model Bayesian Inference (BI) menghasilkan satu klaster besar Famili Muricidae dengan percabangan dua clade subfamili dari Famili Muricidae yang ditemukan di Pantai Nunuhu. Pohon filogenetik yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai posterior probabilitas 66-100 dengan jarak genetiknya dibandingkan dengan kelompok ingroup dari Genbank adalah Tenguella granulata 0,84%, Drupa morum 1,2%, dan Mancinella armigera 0,22%.

Kata kunci: Pulau Morotai, Gastropoda, moluska, keong, molekuler.

Research on the Family Muricidae in Indonesia has mostly focused on inventory, new species, and shell morphology. In addition, the sequence database of the Indonesian Family Muricidae in Genbank is still limited. This study aims to characterize the morphology and phylogenetic analysis several species of the Family Muricidae found in Nunuhu Beach, Morotai Island Regency, North Maluku Province based on COI gene sequences. The seven research samples were specimen collection of the National Research and Innovation Agency that have not been identified. Morphological characterization was carried out by direct identification of the shells. Molecular identification includes DNA extraction, amplification using HCO2198 and LCO1490 primers, electrophoresis, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis (BOLDsystems, MEGA 7.0, SequenceMatrix v1.7.8., MrBayes v3.2.7., and FigTree v1.4.4.). Ingroup and outgroup samples for comparison were obtained at Genbank. The result of the study characterized eight characteristics of Tenguella granulata, nine characteristics of Drupa morum, and six characteristics of Mancinella armigera. DNA identification results obtained sequences of 613 base pairs with similarity values of 97.71% to 100%. From the results of morphological observations and molecular identification, it is known that there are three species of Family Muricidae found in Nunuhu Beach, including two specimens of Tenguella granulata, one specimen of Drupa morum, and four specimens of Mancinella armigera. Phylogenetic topology using the Bayesian Inference (BI) model produced one large cluster of Family Muricidae with a branching clade of two subfamily from Family Muricidae found in Nunuhu Beach. The resulting phylogenetic tree has a posterior probability value of 66-100 with its genetic distanc compared to the ingroup from Genbank are Tenguella granulata at 0.84%, Drupa morum at 1.27%, and Mancinella armigera at 0.22%.

Keywords: Morotai Island, Gastropoda, mollusca, snail, molecular.