Pengaruh Variasi Ukuran Partikel Batu Kapur Sebagai Adsorben Pada Proses Distilasi Terhadap Kadar Bioetanol Dari Umbi Ganyong (Canna Edulis Kerr)
The Effect Of Particle Size Variations As Adsorbents In The Distillation Process Of Bioetanol Levels From Canna Tubers (Canna Edulis Kerr)
Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi dan bertambahnya penduduk, menyebabkan kebutuhan dan konsumsi Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) semakin meningkat. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan sumber energi alternatif seperti bioetanol untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bakar. Salah satu sumber bahan baku yang dapat digunakan untuk bioetanol adalah umbi ganyong. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar etanol maksimal yang dihasilkan dari umbi ganyong dengan variasi ukuran mesh batu kapur sebagai adsorben 70, 80, dan 90.
Proses pembuatan bioetanol terdiri dari 3 tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap fermentasi, dan tahap distilasi. Proses distilasi dilakukan secara bertingkat untuk mencapai kadar etanol ≥99,5%. Distilasi pertama menggunakan condensor liebig tanpa adsorben, distilasi kedua menggunakan plate distillation tanpa adsorben, dan distilasi ketiga menggunakan condensor liebig dengan batu kapur yang divariasikan. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian karakteristik bioetanol antara lain: kadar etanol (ASTM D5501), kadar methanol (spektrofotrometri), kadar air (ASTM D1744), kadar tembaga (AAS), keasaman sebagai asam asetat (titimetri), tampakan, kadar ion klorida (argentometri), kandungan belerang (ASTM D1552), densitas (ASTM D1298), nilai kalor (ASTM D240), titik nyala (ASTM D93), dan viskositas (ASTM D445).
Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan variasi mesh batu kapur paling optimal adalah mesh 80 dan menghasilkan kadar etanol sebesar 72,4%. Hasil uji karakteristik bioetanol dari umbi ganyong antara lain: kadar etanol 99,52%-v, kadar metanol 2,38%-v, kadar air 0,497%-v, kadar tembaga <0,0040 mg/kg, keasaman sebagai asam asetat 18,81 mg/L, tampakan bening tidak berwarna, kadar ion klorida 3,7435 mg/L, kandungan belerang 0,0012 mg/L, densitas 0,785 gr/cm3, nilai kalor 4148,00 Kcal/kg, titik nyala 32°C, viskositas 2,7 CSt. Sehingga dapat dijadikan campuran dengan premium.
Kata Kunci: batu kapur, bioethanol, umbi ganyong.
Along with the development of technology and the increasing population, the need for and consumption of fuel oil (BBM) is increasing. Therefore, alternative energy sources such as bioethanol are needed to meet fuel needs. One source of raw materials that can be used for bioethanol is canna tubers. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum ethanol content produced from canna tubers with variations in the size of the limestone mesh as adsorbent 70, 80, and 90.
The process of making bioethanol consists of 3 stages, namely the preparation stage, the fermentation stage, and the distillation stage. The distillation process is carried out in stages to achieve ethanol levels ≥99.5%. The first distillation uses a Liebig condenser without adsorbent, the second uses a plate distillation without adsorbent, and the third uses a Liebig condenser with varied limestone. Then the characteristics of bioethanol were tested, including: ethanol content (ASTM D5501), methanol content (spectrophotrometry), water content (ASTM D1744), copper content (AAS), acidity as acetic acid (titrimetry), appearance, chloride ion content (argentometry) , sulfur content (ASTM D1552), density (ASTM D1298), heating value (ASTM D240), flash point (ASTM D93), and viscosity (ASTM D445).
The results of this study showed that the optimal variation of the limestone mesh was 80 mesh and resulted in 72.4% ethanol content. The results of the bioethanol characteristic test from canna tubers include: ethanol content of 99.52%-v, methanol content of 2.38%-v, moisture content of 0.497%-v, copper content <0.0040 mg/kg, acidity as acetic acid 18.81 mg/L, clear colorless appearance, chloride ion content of 3.7435 mg/L, sulfur content 0.0012 mg/L, density 0.785 gr/cm3, calorific value 4148.00 Kcal/kg, flash point 32◦C, viscosity 2.7 CST. So that it can be mixed with a premium.
Keywords: limestone, bioethanol, canna tubers.