HUBUNGAN TINGKAT AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN STRES TERHADAP SIKLUS MENSTRUASI PADA ATLET KARATE PUTRI DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND STRESS ON THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN FEMALE KARATE ATHLETES AT SURABAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Permasalahan yang sering dialami oleh atlet wanita yakni masalah gangguan menstruasi. Tingkat aktivitas fisik yang tinggi pada atlet akibat dari latihan yang intensif serta stres terhadap target yang harus dicapai dapat menjadi faktor penyebab gangguan siklus menstruasi. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat aktivitas fisik dan stres terhadap siklus menstruasi atlet karate putri di Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Metode kuantitatif deskriptif dipilih untuk penelitian terhadap atlet karate putri Universitas Negeri Surabaya dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 48 atlet. Dengan teknik purposive sampling didapatkan sebanyak 37 sampel. Hasil analisa univariat didapat hasil bahwa aktivitas fisik atlet didominasi kategori berat yakni sejumlah 29 orang (78.4%) dan kategori sedang sebanyak 8 orang (21.6%).  Tingkat stres didominasi kategori sedang yakni sebanyak 28 orang (75,7%), kategori ringan sebanyak 6 orang (16,2%), dan kategori berat sebanyak 3 orang (8,1%).  Sebagian besar atlet mengalami polimenorea sebanyak 15 orang (40,5%), oligomenorea sebanyak 9 orang (24.3%), dan siklus menstruasi normal sebanyak 13 orang (35.1%). Hasil analisa bivariat menggunakan uji chi square mendapatkan hasil p < 0.05 untuk kedua variabel bebas yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dan stres terhadap siklus menstruasi atlet karate putri di Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Maka disarankan untuk memperhatikan durasi aktivitas fisik serta melakukan manajemen stres.

Kata Kunci: atlet wanita, masalah kesehatan, menstruasi, stres

The problem that is often experienced by female athletes is menstrual disorders. High levels of physical activity in athletes resulting from intensive training and stress regarding targets that must be achieved can be factors causing menstrual cycle disorders. This research aimed to determine the relationship between levels of physical activity and stress on the menstrual cycle of female karate athletes at Surabaya State University. The descriptive quantitative method was chosen for research on female karate athletes at Surabaya State University with a population of 48 athletes. With purposive sampling technique, 37 samples were obtained. The results of the univariate analysis showed that athletes' physical activity was dominated by the heavy category, namely 29 people (78.4%) and 8 people (21.6%) in the moderate category.  The stress level was dominated by the moderate category, namely 28 people (75.7%), the light category was 6 people (16.2%), and the heavy category was 3 people (8.1%).  Most of the athletes experienced polymenorrhoea, 15 people (40.5%), 9 people (24.3%) had oligomenorrhea, and 13 people (35.1%) had normal menstrual cycles. The results of bivariate analysis using the chi square test obtained p < 0.05 for both independent variables, which means there is a relationship between the level of physical activity and stress on the menstrual cycle of female karate athletes at Surabaya State University. So it is recommended to pay attention to the duration of physical activity and carry out stress management.

Keywords: female athletes, health concern, menstruation, stress