ILOKUSI DALAM DEBAT PUBLIK CALON WALI KOTA DAN WAKIL WALI KOTA SURABAYA TAHUN 2020
ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN DEBATE PUBLIC OF CANDIDATES MAYOR AND DEPUTY MAYOR OF SURABAYA 2020
Abstrak
Sebuah tuturan dalam debat memungkinkan terdapat ilokusi. Pada akhir tahun 2020, KPU Kota Surabaya melaksanakan debat publik guna menyampaikan visi misi pasangan calon wali kota. Maka, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan bentuk, jenis, dan fungsi ilokusi dalam debat publik calon wali kota dan wakil wali kota Surabaya tahun 2020. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data penelitian ini berupa tuturan debat yang mengandung ilokusi. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik catat. Serta teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif . Hasil penelitian ini (1) bentuk ilokusi yang ditemukan berupa deklaratif 98 tuturan, interogatif 3 tuturan, dan imperatif 32 tuturan. (2) jenis ilokusi yang ditemukan meliputi menyatakan, menyarankan, mengeluh, melaporkan, mengklaim, dan memprediksi. Jenis direktif meliputi menginstruksikan, melarang, memohon, meminta, memerintah, menuduh. Jenis ekspresif meliputi memberi salam, berterima kasih, memuji, menyalahkan, menyindir, dan mengkritik. Jenis komisif meliputi bersumpah, berjanji, bernazar, menawarkan sesuatu. Kemudian jenis deklarasi meliputi menolak dan berpasrah. (3) fungsi ilokusi berupa fungsi kompetitif 31 tuturan, fungsi menyenangkan 46 tuturan, fungsi bekerja sama 31 tuturan, dan fungsi bertentangan 25 tuturan. Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian tersebut, menggambarkan bahwa bentuk, jenis, dan fungsi ilokusi yang paling populer pada debat tersebut berupa bentuk deklaratif, jenis komisif, dan fungsi menyenangkan. Sedangkan yang paling sedikit ditemukan yaitu bentuk interogatif, jenis deklarasi, dan fungsi bertentangan.
Kata Kunci: tindak tutur, ilokusi, debat publik
Abstract
An speech in a debate allows for an illocutionary. At the end of 2020, Surabaya KPU held a public debate to convey the vision and mission of the mayoral candidate pair. So, the purpose of this study is to describe the form, type, and function of the illocutionary in the public debate of candidates for mayor and deputy mayor of Surabaya in 2020. Qualitative methods are used in this study. The data of this research is in the form of debate utterances containing illocutionary. The data collection method used the listening method with the free listening technique, the conversational involvement and the note-taking technique. As well as data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this study (1) the illocutionary form found in the form of 98 speeches declarative, interrogative 3 speeches, and imperative 32 speeches. (2) the types of illocutions found include stating, suggesting, complaining, reporting, claiming, and predicting. Types of directives include instructing, forbidding, pleading, requesting, ordering, accusing. Expressive types include greeting, thanking, praising, blaming, sarcastic, and criticizing. Commissive types include swearing, promising, vowing, offering something. Then the types of declarations include rejecting and surrendering. (3) the illocutionary function is a competitive function of 31 speeches, a fun function of 46 speeches, a cooperating function of 31 speeches, and a contradictory function of 25 utterances. Based on research findings, describe that the most popular forms, types, and illocutionary functions in the debate are declarative forms, commissive types, and fun functions. While the least found are interrogative forms, types of declarations, and contradictory functions.
Keywords : speech act, illocutionary, public debate