STRATEGI KETIDAKSANTUNAN PADA TINDAK TUTUR ASERTIF DALAM ACARA JEPANG DOWNTOWN NOW
THE IMPOLITENESS STRATEGY IN ASSERTIVE SPEECH ACTS ON JAPANESE PROGRAM DOWNTOWN NOW
ABSTRAK
Zizi Yuliani, Putri.2021. Strategi Ketidaksantunan Pada Tindak Tutur Asertif Dalam Acara Jepang Downtown Now. Tesis, Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing (I) Prof. Dr. Djodjok Soepardjo, M.litt, dan (II) Didik Nurhadi, M.Pd., M.A., Ph.D.
Kata-kata Kunci: Strategi ketidaksantunan, tindak tutur, asertif
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji strategi ketidaksantunan yang diterapkan pada tindak tutur asertif dalam acara televisi Jepang berjenis variety show, yakni Downtown Now, dengan penyelesaian masalah-masalah yang meliputi: (1) bentuk tindak tutur asertif pada acara Downtown Now, (2) fungsi tindak tutur asertif yang memiliki indikasi ketidaksantunan pada acara Downtown Now, dan (3) strategi ketidaksantunan pada tindak tutur asertif dalam acara Downtown Now.
Penelitian terhadap strategi ketidaksantunan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data dokumentasi. Pada penerapan metode tersebut, terdapat beberapa tahapan yakni: menyimak interaksi pada acara Downtown Now secara seksama, dilanjutkan dengan mencatat tuturan yang mengandung daya tindak tutur asertif, dan yang terakhir adalah klasifikasi data berupa hubungan bentuk tindak tutur asertif, fungsi tindak tutur asertif, dan strategi ketidaksantunan Culpeper.
Data penelitian berupa tuturan bahasa Jepang yang mempunyai daya tindak tutur asertif serta megandung ketidaksantunan dalam acara Downtown Now. Melalui metode padan, digunakanlah teknik dasar pilah pragmatis untuk menjawab masalah (1) dan (2) agar tindak tutur asertif yang mengandung ketidaksantunan dapat dipilih berdasarkan alat penentu yang berupa mitra tutur. Kemudian digunakan teknik lanjutan hubung banding berdasarkan strategi Culpeper.
Dari hasil analisis data, ditemukan bahwa strategi ketidaksantunan yang paling banyak digunakan dalam acara Downtown Now adalah strategi off-record dengan fungsi tindak tutur asertif menjelaskan, serta bentuk tindak tuturnya berupa tidak langsung dan literal. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam setting suasana acara variety show Jepang Downtown Now menyampaikan ketidaksantunan secara tersembunyi. Suatu tuturan asertif dapat memiliki makna literal dan satu maksud tersembunyi yang berupa ketidaksantunan. Kecenderungan menggunakan strategi off-record dapat disebabkan oleh budaya Jepang yang menggunakan gaya bahasa sopan secara umum dan mementingkan tujuan kelompok dibanding pribadi. Ketidaksantunan yang kerap dilakukan juga cenderung menyerang wajah positif mitra tutur yang dapat disebabkan oleh jarak intimasi yang tidak dekat serta kesenioritasan.
ABSTRACT
Zizi Yuliani, Putri. 2021. The Impoliteness Strategy In Assertive Speech Acts On Japanese Program Downtown Now. Thesis, Post Graduate in Language and Literature Department State University of Surabaya, Advisors (I) Prof. Dr. Djodjok Soepardjo, M.litt, and (II) Didik Nurhadi, M.Pd., M.A., Ph.D.
Keywords: impoliteness strategy, speech act, assertive
This study aims to examine the impoliteness strategy applied to assertive speech acts in a Japanese television variety show, namely Downtown Now, by solving problems that include: (1) the form of assertive speech acts on the Downtown Now program, (2) the function of the assertive speech act that has an indication of impoliteness in the Downtown Now program, and (3) impoliteness strategies in assertive speech acts on the Downtown Now program.
Research on this impoliteness strategy uses a descriptive qualitative approach with documentation data collection methods. In the application of this method, there are several stages, namely: carefully listening to the interactions at the Downtown Now event, followed by recording speech containing assertive illocution force, and the last is data classification in the form of relation between assertive speech acts, assertive speech act functions, and Culpeper's impoliteness strategies.
The research data is in the form of Japanese speech that has the force of assertive speech acts and contains impoliteness in the Downtown Now program. Through the matching method, the basic technique of pragmatic sorting is used to answer problems (1) and (2) so that assertive speech acts that contain impoliteness can be selected based on a determining tool in the form of a hearer. Then used the technical relationship of appeal (HBB) based on the Culpeper impoliteness strategy.
From the results of data analysis, it was found that the most widely used impoliteness strategy in the Downtown Now program was the off-record strategy with the function of explaining assertive speech acts, as well as indirect and literal forms of speech acts. This shows that in the setting of the Japanese variety show Downtown Now, it conveys hidden impoliteness. An assertive speech can have a literal meaning and a hidden meaning in the form of impoliteness. The tendency to use off-record strategies can be caused by Japanese culture which uses polite language style in general and prioritizes group goals over personal. Impoliteness that is often done also tends to attack the positive face of the hearer which can be caused by far intimacy distance and seniority.