ADAPTASI PETANI PADI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN IKLIM BERBASIS SISTEM SOSIAL-EKOLOGI DI DESA KEPANJEN KECAMATAN PACE KABUPATEN NGANJUK

RICE FARMERS' ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE BASED ON SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM IN KEPANJEN VILLAGE, PACE DISTRICT, NGANJUK REGENCY 

    Desa Kepanjen, Kecamatan Pace, Kabupaten Nganjuk merupakan wilayah dengan mayoritas penduduknya menggantungkan hidup dari sektor pertanian, khususnya budidaya padi. Tingginya ketergantungan terhadap kondisi iklim membawa resiko produksi pertanian padi yang paling tidak menentu dan berpotensi memberikan dampak negatif terhadap petani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui upaya adaptasi petani padi dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim berbasis sistem sosial ekologi (social-ecological system) di Desa Kepanjen Kecamatan Pace Kabupaten Nganjuk.

     Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan sistem sosial ekologi untuk memahami bagaimana interaksi antara sistem sosial dan sistem ekologi membentuk perilaku adaptasi petani dalam menghadapi tekanan iklim yang semakin meningkat. Informan ditentukan secara purposive sampling, di mana pemilihan informan dilakukan secara sengaja berdasarkan pertimbangan dan tujuan penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu, wawancara, observasi serta dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data melalui berbagai tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan data. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan cara, credibility, transferability, dependability dan confirmability.

     Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi petani dan lingkungan merupakan kondisi yang dinamis. Terdapat temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa petani telah menerapkan empat adaptasi: (1) Adaptasi reaktif, penggunaan kapur pertanian, mengikat tanaman padi agar memperkuat posisi tegak hingga masa panen. (2) Adaptasi proaktif, pemilihan varietas tahan cuaca ekstrem, penerapan kalender tanam yang disesuaikan keadaan pola musim. (3) Adaptasi berbasis pengatahuan lokal, petani melakukan tanam serentak dan sejenis di blok-blok wilayahnya untuk memutus rantai hama, (4) Adaptasi institusional, penyediaan infrastruktur pertanian yang memadai, seperti sistem irigasi, jalan usaha tani, serta subsidi sarana pertanian dari pemerintah.

Kata Kunci: Adaptasi, Petani, Perubahan Iklim, Sistem Sosial Ekologi 

    Kepanjen Village, Pace District, Nganjuk Regency, is an area where the majority of the population relies on agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, for their livelihoods. This high dependence on climate conditions poses the most uncertain risks to rice production and has the potential to negatively impact farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine rice farmers' adaptation efforts to climate change based on the Social-Ecological System (SES) in Kepanjen Village, Pace District, Nganjuk Regency.

     This study uses a qualitative method with a socio-ecological systems approach to understand how interactions between social and ecological systems shape farmers' adaptive behavior in the face of increasing climate pressures. Informants were selected using purposive sampling, where informants were selected intentionally based on research considerations and objectives. Data collection techniques included interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques involved various stages: data reduction, data presentation, and data extraction. Data validity techniques used methods such as credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.

     The results of the study show that farmer and environmental adaptation is a dynamic condition. There are research findings revealing that farmers have implemented four adaptations: (1) Reactive adaptation, the use of agricultural lime, tying rice plants to strengthen their upright position until harvest time. (2) Proactive adaptation, selecting varieties that are resistant to extreme climates, implementing a planting calendar that is adjusted to seasonal patterns. (3) Adaptation based on local knowledge, farmers carry out simultaneous and similar planting in blocks of their area to break the chain of pests, (4) Institutional adaptation, providing adequate agricultural infrastructure, such as irrigation systems, farm roads, and agricultural facility subsidies from the government.

Keywords: Adaptation, Farmers, Climate Change, Social Ecological System