Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Penunjang PBL-STEM Berbantuan PhET Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Materi Kelistrikan SMK

Development of Science Teaching and Learning Materials Based on PBL-STEM with PhET simulation to Improve Problem-Solving Skills in Vocational High School Direct Current Electricity as A Case Study

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran penunjang PBL-STEM berbantuan PhET yang layak berdasarkan kriteria kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan untuk melatihkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik SMK. Perangkat pembelajaran dikembangkan menggunakan model 4D. Penelitian ini dibatasi pada tahap pengembangan saja sedangkan tahap disseminate tidak dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design. Perangkat pembelajaran diuji cobakan pada 55 peserta didik kelas X  (kelas eksperimen) dan 28 peserta didik (kelas kontrol). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2022/2023 untuk mengukur keterlaksanaan Modul ajar, aktivitas peserta didik selama proses pembelajaran, kendala selama proses pembelajaran, hasil belajar berupa kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik, serta respons peserta didik terhadap perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik validasi, observasi, tes tulis, angket, dan dokumentasi kegiatan. Data penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif.

Hasil analisis data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perangkat yang dikembangkan valid; (2) pembelajaran terlaksana dengan kategori baik; (3) peserta didik menjadi aktif dalam pembelajaran; (4) Peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah menunjukkan kategori tinggi dengan N-gain sebesar 5,16; (5) peserta didik memberikan respons positif dengan kategori sangat baik terhadap pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran penunjang PBL-STEM berbantuan PhET yang telah dikembangkan adalah layak (sesuai dengan ketiga kriteria kelayakan di atas) untuk melatihkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada materi kelistrikan SMK.

This study aims to produce appropriate PhET-assisted PBL-STEM supporting learning tools based on the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness to train the problem-solving abilities of vocational high school students. Learning materials are developed using 4D models. This research is limited to the development stage, while the disseminate stage is not carried out. This study used a one group pretest-posttest design. Learning materials were tested on 55 students in class X (experimental class) and 28 students (control class). This research was conducted in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year to measure the implementation of teaching modules, student activities during the learning process, constraints during the learning process, learning outcomes in the form of students' problem-solving abilities, as well as students' responses to the learning materials developed. Data collection was carried out using validation techniques, observation, written tests, questionnaires, and activity documentation. The research data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative.

The results of the research data analysis show that: (1) the tools developed are valid; (2) learning is carried out in a good category; (3) students become active in learning; (4) The increase in problem solving ability shows a high category with an N-gain of 5.16; (5) students give a positive response with a very good category of learning. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the PhET-assisted PBL-STEM supporting learning tool that has been developed is feasible (according to the three eligibility criteria above) to train problem-solving skills in vocational high school electricity material.