Kajian Yuridis Mengenai Penistaan Agama dalam Kasus Shaf Shalat Bercampur antara Laki - Laki dan Perempuan Berdasarkan Pasal 156a KUHP

Juridical Study About Blasphemy In The Case Of Prayer Rows Mixing Between Men and Women Based On Article 156a of the Criminal Code

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis klasifikasi shaf sholat bercampur antara laki-laki dan perempuan sebagai tindak pidana penistaan agama berdasarkan Pasal 156a KUHP, serta mengevaluasi kesesuaian sanksi pidana penjara dalam kasus tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, menggunakan bahan hukum primer seperti UUD 1945, KUHP, dan UU No. 1/PNPS/1965, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur dan doktrin hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik shaf sholat bercampur di Pondok Pesantren Al Zaytun belum sepenuhnya memenuhi unsur "penodaan agama" dalam Pasal 156a KUHP, karena lebih bersifat perbedaan penafsiran keagamaan daripada penghinaan yang disengaja. Analisis terhadap unsur kesengajaan (dolus) dan dampak permusuhan juga menemukan bahwa praktik ini tidak menimbulkan korban langsung atau motivasi permusuhan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan reformasi kebijakan hukum pidana dengan memperjelas definisi penistaan agama, mengganti sanksi pidana penjara dengan alternatif yang lebih edukatif, serta memperkuat peran dialog antaragama untuk menjaga harmoni sosial. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi pemahaman hukum pidana dalam konteks kebebasan beragama dan toleransi di Indonesia. 

This study aims to analyze the classification of mixed prayer rows between men and women as a criminal act of blasphemy based on Article 156a of the Criminal Code, and to allow for the acceptance of criminal sanctions in prison in such cases. The research method used is normative legal research with a regulatory and contextual approach, using primary legal materials such as the 1945 Constitution, the Criminal Code, and Law No. 1/PNPS/1965, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of literature and legal doctrine. The results of the study indicate that the practice of mixed prayer rows at the Al Zaytun Islamic Boarding School has not fully fulfilled the element of "blasphemy" in Article 156a of the Criminal Code, because it is more of a different religious interpretation than a deliberate curse. Analysis of the element of intent (dolus) and the impact of hostility also found that this practice did not cause direct victims or motivation for hostility. In addition, the application of imprisonment is considered disproportionate and has the potential to trigger social polarization, so that restorative approaches such as mediation and education are considered more effective. This study recommends reforming criminal law policy by clarifying the definition of blasphemy, replacing prison sente harmony. These findings provide an important contribution to the understanding of criminal law in the context of religious freedom and tolerance in Indonesia. Keywords : Blasphemy, Article 156a of the Criminal Code, freedom of religion.nces with more educational alternatives, and strengthening the role of interfaith dialogue to maintain social harmony. These findings provide an important contribution to the understanding of criminal law in the context of religious freedom and tolerance in Indonesia.