Profil Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Mengajukan Masalah Matematika Konteks Museum Gubug Wayang Ditinjau Berdasarkan Tingkat Kemampuan Siswa

Profile of Elementary School Students' Creative Thinking in Posing Mathematical Problems in the Context of the Gubug Wayang Museum Reviewed Based on Students' Ability Level

ABSTRAK

Sriwahyuni, Anik. 2021. Profil Berpikir Kreatif Siswa SD dalam Mengajukan Masalah Matematika Konteks Museum Gubug Wayang Ditinjau Berdasarkan Tingkat Kemampuan Siswa. Tesis, Program Studi Pendidikan Dasar, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing (I) Prof. Dr. Tatag Yuli Eko Siswono, M.Pd. dan (II) Neni Mariana, S.Pd. M.Sc. Ph.D.

Kata-kata kunci: berpikir kreatif, kefasihan, fleksibilitas, kebaruan, museum gubug wayang, pengajuan masalah. 

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil berpikir kreatif siswa berkemampuan (1) tinggi, (2) sedang, dan (3) rendah dalam mengajukan masalah penyajian data dengan konteks Museum Gubug Wayang. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan matematika siswa, digunakan tes kemampuan matematika (TKM). Sedangkan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif (TKBK) siswa, digunakan tes pengajuan masalah (TPM). Hasil TPM 1 dan TPM 2 dianalisis menggunakan indikator berpikir kreatif, yaitu kefasihan, fleksibilitas, dan kebaruan. Analisis hasil TPM akan menggolongkan siswa menjadi 5 tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif (TKBK), yaitu sangat kreatif, kreatif, cukup kreatif, kurang kreatif, dan tidak kreatif. Kemudian dipilih siswa untuk diwawancara, yang mewakili setiap kemampuan matematika dan setiap tingkatan berpikir kreatif. Hasil TPM 1, TPM 2, dan wawancara kemudian dilakukan triangulasi untuk mengecek keabsahan data. Langkah selanjutnya adalah mendeskripsikan profil berpikir kreatif masing-masing subjek.

Hasil analisis TKM terdapat 9 siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi, 7 siswaberkemampuan sedang, dan 9 siswa berkemampuan rendah.  Sedangkan hasil analisis TPM terdapat 28% dari seluruh siswa yang tingkatan berpikir kreatifnya sangat kreatif, 16% kreatif, 48% kurang kreatif dan 8% tidak kreatif.

Profil berpikir kreatif siswa berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang adalah sama, diawali dengan membaca dan mengamati ilustrasi dalam TPM, mengajukan masalah berdasarkan informasi, dan menyelesaikan masalah yang sudah dibuatnya. Siswa sangat kreatif dan kreatif kemudian mengajukan satu masalah yang memiliki cara penyelesaian berbeda. Siswa sangat kreatif menyelesaikan masalah yang sudah mereka ajukan, sedangkan siswa kreatif belum mampu meyelesaikan masalah yang mereka ajukan dengan baik. Selanjutnya siswa sangat kreatif dan kreatif mengajukan satu masalah yang lebih rumitdan berbeda sekaligus meyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Siswa kurang kreatif belum mampu mengajukan masalah yang berbeda dari yang sudah diajukan. Profil berpikir kreatif siswa berkemampuan rendah hampir sama dengan siswa berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang, namun siswa berkemampuan rendah  mengalami kesulitan memahami ilustrasi dan tugas dalam TPM, sehingga mereka harus membaca ulang. Siswa berkemampuan rendah belum mampu mengajukan masalah yang berbeda dari yang sudah diajukan.

ABSTRACT

Sriwahyuni, Anik. 2021. Creative Thinking Profile of Elementary School Students in Posing Mathematical Problems in the Context of the Gubug Wayang Museum is Reviewed Based on The Level of Student Ability. Thesis, Basic Education Study Program, Postgraduate, Surabaya State University. Supervisor (1) Prof. Dr. Tatag Yuli Eko Siswono, M.Pd. and (II) Neni Mariana, S.Pd. M.Sc. Ph.D.

Keywords: creative thinking, fluency, flexibility, novelty, gubug wayang museum, problem posing.

This study is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach that aims to determine the creative thinking profile of students with (1) high, (2) medium, and (3) low abilities in posing mathematical problems in the context of the Gubug Wayang Museum. To determine students' mathematical abilities, a mathematical ability test (TKM) was used. Meanwhile, to determine the level of students' creative thinking ability (TKBK), a problem-posing test (TPM) was used. The results of TPM 1 and TPM 2 were analyzed using creative thinking indicators, namely fluency, flexibility, and novelty. Analysis of TPM results will classify students into 5 levels of creative thinking ability (TKBK), namely very creative, creative, quite creative, less creative, and not creative. Then selected students to be interviewed, who represent every mathematical ability and every level of creative thinking. The results of TPM 1, TPM 2, and interviews were then triangulated to check the validity of the data. The next step is to describe the creative thinking profile of each subject.

The results of the TKM analysis showed that there were 9 students with high abilities, 7 students with medium abilities, and 9 students with low abilities. While the results of the TPM analysis there are 28% of all students whose levels of creative thinking are very creative, 16% are creative, 48% are less creative and 8% are not creative.

The creative thinking profiles of students with high and medium abilities are the same, starting with reading and observing the illustrations in the TPM, posing problems based on information, solving problems they have made. High-ability students are very creative and creative and then pose a problem that has a different way of solving it. Students are very creative in solving the problems they have proposed, while creative students have not been able to solve the problems they pose well. Next student very creative and creative in posing a more complicated problem while solving the problem. Students who are less creative have not been able to pose a problem that is different from the one that has been posed. The creative thinking profile of low-ability students is almost the same as high and medium-ability students, but low-ability students have difficulty understanding illustrations and assignments in TPM, so they have to reread them. Low-ability students have not been able to pose a problem that is different from the one that has been posed.