The Effect Of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Assisted By E-LKPD On Students Critical Thinking Skills In Conflict and Integration Materials In Grade VIII Of SMP Labschool UNESA 2

Nama Penulis                          :   Via Safitri

Judul                                        :  Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan E-LKPD Terhadap           Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Pada Materi Konflik dan Integrasi Kelas VIII SMP Labschool UNESA 2

Bentuk Tugas Akhir                :   Skripsi

Nama Kota                               :   Surabaya

Fakultas                                   :   Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Tahun                                       :   2026

Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu keterampilan abad ke-21 yang penting dikembangkan dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS), khususnya pada materi konflik dan integrasi yang menuntut kemampuan analisis dan pemecahan masalah sosial. Namun, berdasarkan hasil observasi awal, kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Labschool UNESA 2 masih tergolong rendah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan E-Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (E-LKPD) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada materi konflik dan integrasi.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis quasi experiment dan desain pretest–posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 42 peserta didik, yaitu 21 peserta didik kelas eksperimen dan 21 peserta didik kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kritis yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data diawali dengan uji prasyarat berupa uji normalitas Shapiro–Wilk dan uji homogenitas Levene, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Paired Sample t-Test, uji Independent Sample t-Test, serta uji N-Gain Score.

Hasil uji normalitas menunjukkan bahwa data pretest dan posttest pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol berdistribusi normal dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari 0,05. Uji homogenitas menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,154 > 0,05, sehingga data dinyatakan homogen. Hasil uji Paired Sample t-Test pada kelas eksperimen menunjukkan nilai t-hitung sebesar –5,338 dengan Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000 < 0,05, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kemampuan awal dan akhir peserta didik. Selanjutnya, hasil uji Independent Sample t-Test menunjukkan nilai t-hitung sebesar 6,342 dengan Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000 < 0,05, yang menandakan adanya perbedaan signifikan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Hasil uji N-Gain menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada kelas eksperimen memperoleh nilai rata-rata 69,95% dengan kategori tinggi, sedangkan kelas kontrol memperoleh nilai rata-rata 50,54% dengan kategori sedang.

Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan E-LKPD berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada materi konflik dan integrasi kelas VIII SMP Labschool UNESA 2.

Kata Kunci: Problem Based Learning, E-LKPD, kemampuan berpikir kritis, konflik dan integrasi, pembelajaran IPS

Author                                      :   Via Safitri

Title                                        :   The Effect Of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model Assisted By E-LKPD On Students' Critical Thinking Skills In Conflict and Integration Materials In Grade VIII Of SMP Labschool UNESA 2

Type of Final Project            :  Undergraduate Thesis

City                                        :   Surabaya

Faculty                                  :   Social and Political Sciences

Year                                       :   2026

Critical thinking is one of the essential 21st-century skills that must be developed in Social Studies learning, particularly in conflict and social integration materials that require analytical and problem-solving abilities. However, preliminary observations revealed that the critical thinking skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Labschool UNESA 2 were relatively low. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) on students’ critical thinking skills in conflict and integration materials.

This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a pretest–posttest control group design. The research subjects consisted of 42 students, including 21 students in the experimental class and 21 students in the control class. The research instrument was a critical thinking skills test that had been validated and proven reliable. Data analysis was conducted using prerequisite tests, namely the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and the Levene homogeneity test, followed by the Paired Sample t-Test, Independent Sample t-Test, and N-Gain Score analysis.

The results of the normality test indicated that the pretest and posttest data in both classes were normally distributed with significance values greater than 0.05. The homogeneity test showed a significance value of 0.154 > 0.05, indicating homogeneous variances. The Paired Sample t-Test results for the experimental class showed a t-value of –5,338  with Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between students’ initial and final critical thinking abilities. Furthermore, the Independent Sample t-Test revealed a t-value of 6.342 with Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < 0.05, demonstrating a significant difference in critical thinking skills between the experimental and control classes. The N-Gain analysis showed that the experimental class achieved an average score of 69.95%, categorized as high, while the control class obtained an average score of 50.54%, categorized as moderate.

Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by E-LKPD has a significant effect on improving students’ critical thinking skills in conflict and integration materials for eighth-grade students at SMP Labschool UNESA 2.

Keywords: Problem-Based Learning, E-LKPD, critical thinking skills, conflict and integration, Social Studies learning