STASIUN SEMUT : SENGKETA ANTARA PENGUSAHA DAN PT KAI DALAM TRANSFORMASI STASIUN MENJADI PERTOKOAN 2001 – 2014.

SEMUT STATION: DISPUTE BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURS AND PT KAI OVER THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATION INTO A SHOPPING PLACE 2001-2014

Stasiun Semut Surabaya, dibangun pada 1878 dan berstatus bangunan cagar budaya sejak 1996, merupakan simbol penting sejarah transportasi dan urbanisasi Jawa Timur. Pada periode 2001–2014, terjadi sengketa pengalihfungsian stasiun menjadi kawasan pertokoan yang melibatkan PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PT KAI), pengusaha, dan pemerintah kota. Konflik ini mencerminkan ketegangan antara kepentingan komersialisasi aset dan kewajiban pelestarian warisan budaya yang membentuk identitas kolektif masyarakat Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kronologi konflik, faktor penyebab sengketa, serta dampak konflik terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Metode sejarah digunakan dengan tahapan pemilihan topik, pengumpulan sumber dari arsip, media massa, dan studi pustaka, verifikasi dan kritik sumber, serta interpretasi data menggunakan teori kekuasaan Max Weber. Analisis fokus pada dinamika relasi antara kekuasaan legal-rasional yang diwakili PT KAI dan pemerintah, serta kekuasaan tradisional yang dipegang masyarakat dan tim ahli cagar budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konflik ini bukan sekadar benturan kepentingan ekonomi dan administratif, melainkan juga pertarungan legitimasi sosial dan budaya. PT KAI berorientasi pada profitabilitas, sementara masyarakat mempertahankan nilai historis dan identitas lokal. Sengketa berdampak pada hilangnya mata pencaharian pedagang kecil, perubahan fungsi ruang sosial, serta ancaman terhadap keaslian bangunan cagar budaya. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi, dialog inklusif, dan partisipasi masyarakat untuk mencapai keseimbangan antara pelestarian budaya dan pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan.

Surabaya's Semut Station, built in 1878 and designated a cultural heritage building since 1996, is an important symbol of East Java's transportation and urbanization history. Between 2001 and 2014, a dispute arose over the station's conversion into a shopping area, involving PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PT KAI), business owners, and the city government. This conflict reflects the tension between the interests of asset commercialization and the obligation to preserve the cultural heritage that shapes the collective identity of the Surabaya community. This study aims to examine the chronology of the conflict, the factors causing the dispute, and its impact on the surrounding environment. The historical method employed included topic selection, source collection from archives, mass media, and literature studies, source verification and criticism, and data interpretation using Max Weber's theory of power. The analysis focuses on the dynamics of the relationship between the legal-rational power represented by PT KAI and the government, and the traditional power held by the community and the team of cultural heritage experts. The results show that this conflict is not simply a clash of economic and administrative interests, but also a struggle for social and cultural legitimacy. PT KAI is oriented towards profitability, while the community maintains historical values and local identity. The dispute has resulted in the loss of livelihoods for small traders, changes in the function of social spaces, and threats to the authenticity of cultural heritage buildings. The study recommends strengthening regulations, inclusive dialogue, and community participation to achieve a balance between cultural preservation and sustainable economic development.