PERBEDAAN ASUPAN PROTEIN DAN SENG PADA BALITA STUNTING DAN NON STUNTING DI KECAMATAN DAWARBLANDONG, MOJOKERTO

The Difference of Protein and Zinc Intake in Stunted and NonStunted Toddlers in Dawarblandong Subdistrict, Mojokerto

Stunting adalah masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya yaitu kurangnya asupan gizi dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Zat gizi yang dikaitkan dapat mempengaruhi kejadian stunting adalah protein dan seng. Protein adalah zat gizi makro yang mengandung asam amino esensial. Asam amino dalam protein memiliki banyak peran dalam tubuh yang berguna untuk pertumbuhan, pergantian sel, serta pemeliharaan tubuh. Selain protein, zat gizi mikro seng juga berguna untuk pertumbuhan karena seng berperan dalam metabolisme Growth Hormone (GH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan protein dan seng pada balita stunting dan non stunting di Kecamatan Dawarblandong, Kabupaten Mojokerto. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan metode observasional dan rancangan penelitian case-control. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 54 balita yang terdiri dari 27 balita stunting dan 27 balita non stunting yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Asupan protein dan seng dari balita diambil melalui wawancara food recall 24 jam selama tiga hari kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon Rank Sum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada asupan protein (nilai p 0,014) dan asupan seng (nilai p 0,020) antara balita stunting dan non stunting. Perbedaan asupan ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan pola makan balita. Balita stunting lebih sering mengonsumsi bahan makanan sumber nabati dibandingkan hewani sedangkan balita non stunting mengonsumsi kombinasi makanan antara makanan sumber nabati dan hewani dalam porsi makan sehari sehingga zat gizi yang didapatkan lebih baik. Perbedaan pola makan ini dikaitkan dengan perbedaan pola asuh dari masing-masing balita dimana ibu balita non stunting lebih memahami asupan yang kaya akan zat gizi yang berguna bagi tubuh anak dan lebih sabar dalam mengontrol pola makan anak. Sedangkan pola asuh dari ibu balita stunting, mereka membebaskan anak untuk memilih makanan apa saja yang disukai oleh anak meskipun makanan tersebut memiliki nilai gizi yang kurang.

Kata kunci : Stunting, Asupan, Protein, Seng, Balita.

Stunting is a health problem caused by several factors, one of which is a lack of nutrition in the long term. The nutrients that have been linked to influencing the incidence of stunting are protein and zinc. Protein is a macronutrient containing essential amino acids. Amino acids in protein have many roles in the body that are useful for growth, cell turnover, and maintenance of the body. In addition to protein, the micronutrient zinc is also useful for growth because zinc plays a role in the metabolism of Growth Hormone (GH). This study aims to determine differences in protein and zinc intake in stunted and non-stunted toddlers in Dawarblandong District, Mojokerto Regency. The type of research used is quantitative with an observational method and a casecontrol research design. The total sample was 54 toddlers consisting of 27 stunted toddlers and 27 non-stunted toddlers who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Protein and zinc intake of toddlers was taken through 24-hour food recall interviews for three days and then the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in protein intake (p value 0.014) and zinc intake (p value 0.020) between stunted and non-stunted toddlers. This difference in intake is thought to be influenced by differences in toddler eating patterns. Stunted toddlers consume more plantsourced foodstuffs than animal-based ones, while non-stunted toddlers consume a combination of foods from plant and animal sources in a day's meal so that the nutrients they get are better. This difference in eating patterns is associated with differences in the parenting style of each toddler where mothers of non-stunted toddlers understand more about intakes that are rich in nutrients that are useful for children's bodies and are more patient in controlling children's eating patterns. Meanwhile, the parenting style of stunted toddler mothers frees the child to choose whatever food the child likes even though the food has less nutritional value.

Keywords : Stunting, Intake, Protein, Zinc, Toddlers.