PENGEMBANGAN HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING MODEL TUJA SHUTTLE RUN, TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KAPASITAS AEROBIK, KAPASITAS ANAEROBIK, KECEPATAN DAN KELINCAHAN

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING MODEL TUJA SHUTTLE RUN, ON CHANGES IN AEROBIC CAPACITY, ANAEROBIC CAPACITY, SPEED AND AGILITY

Kualitas fisik, menjadi salah satu unsur penting dalam olahraga menampilkan performa. Sasaran utama melatih fisik merupakan upaya meraih tingkat level energi (energy fitness), kemampuan otot (muscular fitness) dan kemampuan kerja sistem syaraf (neuromuscular fitness). Metode high intensity interval training, digunakan dalam latihan untuk berbagai tujuan. Tujuan penelitian pengembangan mendapatkan model latihan high intensity interval training untuk meningkatkan kapasitas aerobik, kapasitas anaerobik, kecepatan, dan kelincahan berupa validitas dan realibilitas serta efektifitas latihan TUJA Shuttle Run.

Metode penelitian dan pengembangan yang dipergunakan untuk mengembangkan high intensity interval training dan model latihan TUJA-Shuttle Run dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk menjawab dua pokok masalah yaitu bagaimanakah HIIT model TUJA Shuttle Run untuk meningkatkan kapasitas aerobik, kapasitas anaerobik kecepatan dan kelincahan dan apakah HIIT model TUJA Shuttle Run valid, reliabel dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kapasitas aerobik, kapasitas anaerobik kecepatan dan kelincahan. Penelitian pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk menguji validitas, realibilitas berdasarkan penilaian expert jugdement (akademisi kondisi fisik, dan pelatih cabang olahraga). Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan untuk menguji efektivitas model dan perlakuan berupa program latihan TUJA Shuttle Run yang digunakan peneliti. Subyek (n=80) yang dipilih secara purposive dari mahasiswa Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga FIKK. Analisis statistik V-Aiken digunakan terhadap data (2 kelompok subyek) untuk menguji adanya perbedaan dalam keefektivan model dan perlakuan program latihan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan HIIT Model TUJA Shuttle Run bahwa (1) dapat dideskripsikan sebagai latihan high intensity interval training pada area minimal 15x25m dengan alur berlari 4m, 6m, 10m, 12m, dan 15m dengan dilakukan dengan berlari cepat lurus dan diagonal dengan pergerakan yang disesuaikan, menggunakan peralatan cone, stopwatch dan dilakukan secara berkelompok maksimal 16 orang sebanyak 6 set 4 repetisi dengan istirahat menggunakan rasio 1 : 3,  (2) model HIIT yang dikembangkan memiliki validitas dan reliabilitas untuk meningkatkan daya tahan aerobik, daya tahan anaerobik, kecepatan dan kelincahan berdasarkan penilaian expert jugdement, (3) analisis Uji T  menunjukkan bahwa HIIT model TUJA Shuttle Run meningkatkan daya tahan aerobik, daya tahan anaerobik, kecepatan dan kelincahan secara signifikan. Hasil uji signifikan masing-masing model lebih besar dari 0,000 terhadap keempat biomotor fisik. Untuk penelitian serupa lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan pengukuran kadar asam laktat dan perubahan biokimia darah pada segera setelah perlakuan, 5 menit setelah, 10 menit setelah dan 15 menit setelah perlakuan pada subyek untuk melihat intensitas dan efek intensitas latihan.

Kata Kunci : Tuja Shuttle Run, High Intensity Interval Training, Daya Tahan Aerobik, Daya Tahan Anaerobik, Kecepatan dan Kelincahan

Physical quality is an important element in sports performance. The main target of physical training is an effort to achieve energy levels (energy fitness), muscle ability (muscular fitness) and the working ability of the nervous system (neuromuscular fitness). The high intensity interval training method is used in training for various purposes. The aim of the development research is to obtain a high intensity interval training exercise model to increase aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, speed and agility in the form of validity, reliability and effectiveness of the TUJA Shuttle Run exercise.

The research and development methods used to develop high intensity interval training the TUJA-Shuttle Run training model were carried out using a qualitative and quantitative approach to answer two main problems, namely how does the TUJA Shuttle Run HIIT model increase aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, speed and agility and what is HIIT The TUJA Shuttle Run model is valid, reliable and effective for increasing aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, speed and agility. Qualitative research approach was used to test validity and reliability based on expert judgment (physical condition academics and sports coaches). Quantitative approach was used to test the effectiveness of the model and treatment in the form of the TUJA Shuttle Run training program used by researchers. Subjects (n=80) were selected purposively from FIKK Sports Coaching Education students. V-Aiken statistical analysis was used on the data (2 groups of subjects) to test for differences in the effectiveness of the model and training program treatment.

The research results show that the HIIT Model TUJA Shuttle Run (1) can be described as a high intensity interval training exercise in a minimum area of ​​15x25m with running paths of 4m, 6m, 10m, 12m, and 15m by running fast straight and diagonally with adjusted movements, using cone equipment, a stopwatch and carried out in groups of a maximum of 16 people, 6 sets of 4 repetitions with rest using a ratio of 1: 3, (2) the HIIT model developed has validity and reliability to increase aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, speed and agility based on expert judgment assessment, (3) T test analysis shows that the TUJA Shuttle Run HIIT model increases aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, speed and agility significantly. The significant test results for each model are greater than 0.000 for the four physical biomotors. For further similar research, it is necessary to measure lactic acid levels and changes in blood biochemistry immediately after treatment, 5 minutes after, 10 minutes after and 15 minutes after treatment on subjects to see the intensity and effect of exercise intensity.

Keywords : Tuja Shuttle Run, High Intensity Interval Training, Aerobic Capasity, Anaerobic Capasity, Speed and Agility