KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN KATA “认识”  (rènshì)，“知道” (zhīdào)，dan “明白” (míngbái) pada KARANGAN SEDERHANA MAHASISWA S1 PRODI  PENDIDIKAN BAHASA MANDARIN ANGKATAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE WORDS “认识”  (rènshì)，“知道” (zhīdào)，and “明白” (míngbái) IN SIMPLE ESSAYS WRITTEN BY STUDENTS OF THE 2018 CLASS OF MANDARIN EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM SURABAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Kata Kunci: Analisis kesalahan berbahasa, 认识  (rènshì)，知道 (zhīdào), 明白 (míngbái).

Mempelajari bahasa asing terutama bahasa Mandarin bukanlah suatu hal yang mudah. Struktur kalimat pada bahasa Indonesia yang berbeda dengan bahasa Mandarin  membuat banyak orang seringkali melakukan kesalahan dalam menggunakan bahasa Mandarin. Hasil uji coba tes singkat pada mahasiswa angkatan 2018 Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin yang dijelaskan pada bab 1, masih ada yang belum memahami penggunaan kata 认识, 知道dan明白. Maka dari itu perlau dilakukan analisis kesalahan pada ketiga kata tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menjelaskan bentuk kesalahan penggunaan kata认识, 知道dan明白 pada karangan sederhana yang ditulis mahasiswa. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor penyebab terjadinya kesalahan pada ketiga kata tersebut.

Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini ialah mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Negeri Surabaya angkatan 2018 yang berjumlah 76 mahasiswa. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil tes karangan sederhana dan kuesioner.

Learning foreign languages, especially Mandarin, is not an easy thing. The structure of sentences in Indonesian that is different from Mandarin makes many people often make mistakes in using Mandarin. The results of the short test trials on students of the 2018 class of Mandarin Education Study Program described in chapter 1, there were still those who didn’t understand how to use认识, 知道 and 明白. Therefore it is necessary to carry out an error analysis of the three words. The purpose of this study is to explain the form of errors in the use of the words 认识, 知道 and 明白 in simple essays written by students. This study also aims to explain the factors that cause errors in these three words.

This research uses qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The source of data in this study were students of the Mandarin Language Study Program in Surabaya State University in class 2018, totaling 76 students. The research data were obtained from the results of a simple essay test and questionnaire.

From the results of the analysis, researcher obtained several categories of errors made by students. There is syntax errors, omissions, addition, misodering, interlangual errors, local errors and global errors. The most errors occur in the syntax error word 认识. This is because students cannot understand for using a word in a sentence, so it often doesn’t fit into the order of sentence structure in Mandarin. The least mistakes made by students is category of syntax errors for the word 明白, addition words 知道 and 明白, and misodering 明白. The results from the questionnaire questions showed that the 2018 students of the Mandarin Language Study Program had understood the meaning and use of the words 认识 ， 知道 ， and 明白. But 34 students claimed that the incorrect use of the words 认识 ， 知道 ， and 明白 caused students to make mistakes. This means that even though students understand the words 认识 ， 知道 ， and 明白, students can still make mistakes in all three words.

Keywords: Language error analysis, 认识  (rènshì)，知道 (zhīdào), 明白 (míngbái).