Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Problem Solving pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Development of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Based Science Learning Tools to Improve Critical Thinking Skills and Problem Solving in Elementary School Students

Cahyono, Arika Hary. 2023. Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Problem Solving pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Tesis, Program Studi S2 Pendidikan Dasar Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing: (I) Prof. Dr. Muslimin Ibrahim, M.Pd. dan (II) Prof. Nadi Suprapto, Ph.D.

Kata Kunci: STEM, keterampilan berpikir kritis, problem solving.

Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis Science, Technology, Engineering And Mathematics (STEM) untuk siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar dalam mata pelajaran IPA. Tujuan Penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan problem solving siswa melalui penggunaan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis STEM. Desain penelitian dan pengembangan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan adaptasi model pengembangan Dick and Carey, uji coba lapangan dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, angket, dan tes. Teknik analisis data untuk mengetahui kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik koefisien validitas isi Aiken’s V dan teknik presentase. Hasil dari kualitas produk perangkat pembelajara pada aspek kevalidan sebagian besar mencapai nilai 0,80<V≤1 dengan kategori sangat tinggi pada setiap item yang diukur sehingga dapat disimpulkan produk tersebut sangat valid dan layak digunakan. Kualitas produk pengembangan berdasarkan aspek kepraktisan meliputi keterlaksanaan langkah-langkah pembelajaran oleh guru dan siswa yang mencapai 89,5% dan 87,3% dengan kategori terlaksana sangat baik, kualitas produk pengembangan berdasarkan aspek keefektifan didasarkan pada adanya peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan problem solving siswa. Hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan pada hasil posttest siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran IPA berbasis Science, Technology, Engineering And Mathematics (STEM)  dibandingkan hasil pretest sebelum pembelajaran. Meliputi peningkatan ketuntasan klasikal hasil belajar yang semula 25% menjadi 82,14%. Yang artinya ada perbedaan signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan problem solving siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menerapkan perangkat pembelajaran IPA berbasis Science, Technology, Engineering And Mathematics (STEM).

Cahyono, Arika Hary. 2023. Development of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Based Science Learning Tools to Improve Critical Thinking Skills and Problem Solving in Elementary School Students. Thesis, Postgraduate Primary School Education Study Program, State University of Surabaya. Advisors: (I) Prof. Dr. Muslimin Ibrahim, M.Pd. and (II) Prof. Nadi Suprapto, Ph.D.

Keyword(s): STEM, critical thinking skills, problem solving.

The objective of this study focuses on the development of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) based science learning tools for fourth grade elementary school students in science subjects. The objective of this study is to improve students' critical thinking skills and problem solving through the use of STEM-based learning tools. For this study, research design and development used an adaptation of the Dick and Carey development model, this field trial used a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data collection techniques through observation, questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis technique is intended to be able to determine the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the learning device in a qualitative descriptive manner using Aiken's V content validity coefficient technique and percentage technique. The results of the quality of learning device products in this aspect of validity mostly achieve a value of 0.80 <V≤1, with a very high category for each item measured, so it can be concluded that the product is very valid and feasible to use. The quality of development products based on practical aspects includes the implementation of learning steps by teachers and students which reach 89.5% and 87.3%, with very good implemented categories, the quality of development products based on aspects of effectiveness is based on an increase in students' critical thinking skills and problems student solving. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a significant increase in the posttest results of students after participating in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)-based learning compared to the results of the pretest before learning, in this case including increasing the classical mastery of learning outcomes which was originally 25% to 82.14%. This means that there are significant differences in students' critical thinking skills and problem solving after conducting the learning process by applying this Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)-based science learning tool.