ANALISIS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TINGGI NO. 695/PDT/2021/PT SBY TENTANG PEMBATALAN PENETAPAN STATUS KEAHLIWARISAN ANAK KANDUNG TERHADAP SAUDARA ANGKAT PEWARIS

ANALYSIS OF THE HIGH COURT DECISION NUMBER 695/PDT/2021/PT SBY REGARDING THE CANCELLATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL CHILD'S INHERITANCE STATUS TO THE ADOPTIVE SIBLING OF THE HEIR

Ahli waris yang merasa bahwa hak warisnya telah dilanggar, hendaknya melakukan gugatan sebagai upaya hukum untuk memperjuangkan haknya sesuai ketentuan perundang-undangan untuk penentuan siapa yang benar dan berhak. Pada putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Surabaya No. 695/Pdt/2021/Pt Sby menganalisa sengketa atas sebidang tanah hasil jual beli berdasarkan akta Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli lunas yang secara fisik tidak dapat dikuasai pembeli melainkan dikuasai dan dikelola oleh ahli waris penjual berdasarkan putusan Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya No. 605/Pdt.P /2017/Pn Sby. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ratio decidendi yang digunakan oleh Majelis Hakim dalam menentukan fakta materiil dan memutus perkara ini. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, serta pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan yaitu bahan hukum primer yang terdiri atas peraturan perundang-undangan, kemudian bahan hukum sekunder terdiri atas buku hukum, jurnal penelitian hukum, skripsi, dan dokumen lain yang menjadi fakta materiil yang relevan dengan permasalahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ahli waris memperoleh waris berdasarkan wasiat (testament) yang termuat dalam Surat Sepakat Modal Bersama Untuk Usaha Jual/Beli Tanah Dan Bangunan di Bali tertanggal 15 Maret 1995. Oleh karena itu secara otomatis hak yang berkaitan dengan harta peninggalannya beralih tanpa perlu mengajukan perkara permohonan (voluntair) ke pengadilan. Hal itu menjadi masalah apabila perkara permohonan yang diajukan terdapat unsur kerugian dari pihak ketiga yang telah melakukan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) lunas dengan pewaris sebelum terbitnya penetapan. Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Tinggi membatalkan putusan Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya No. 605/Pdt.P/2017/Pn Sby karena mengandung konten yang dilarang serta bertentangan dengan Keputusan Ketua MA RI No. KMA/032/SK/IV /2006 tentang pemberlakuan Buku Pelaksanaan Tugas dan Administrasi Pengadilan (Buku II) edisi 2007, halaman 47 sub permohonan yang dilarang.

Kata Kunci:  waris, pembatalan penetapan, PPJB, cacat administrasi

Heirs who feel that their right of inheritance has been violated, should pursue a lawsuit as a legal remedy to fight for their rights in accordance with the provisions of the law for the determination of who is right and entitled. In the decision of the Surabaya High Court No. 695/Pdt/2021/Pt Sby analyzed the dispute over a piece of land from the sale and purchase based on the deed of the Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement in full which physically cannot be controlled by the buyer but is controlled and managed by the seller's heirs based on the decision of the Surabaya District Court Determination No. 605/Pdt.P /2017/Pn Sby. This study aims to determine the ratio decidendi used by the Panel of Judges in determining material facts and deciding this case. This research method uses a type of normative legal research with a statutory approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The legal materials used are primary legal materials consisting of laws and regulations, then secondary legal materials consisting of legal books, legal research journals, theses, and other documents that become material facts relevant to the problem. The results showed that the heirs obtained the heirs based on the will (testament) contained in the Joint Capital Agreement Letter for the Business of Selling/Buying Land and Buildings in Bali dated March 15, 1995. Therefore, automatically the rights relating to his estate are transferred without the need to file an application case (voluntair) with the court. This becomes a problem if the application case submitted has an element of loss from a third party who has entered into a Sales and Purchase Binding Agreement (PPJB) in full with the heir before the issuance of the determination. The Panel of Judges of the High Court overturned the decision of the Surabaya District Court Determination No. 605 / Pdt.P / 2017 / Pn Sby because it contained prohibited content and contradicted the Decree of the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. KMA / 032 / SK / IV / 2006 concerning the implementation of the 2007 edition of the Commission on the Implementation of Duties and Administration of the Court (Book II), page 47 of the prohibited sub-application.

Keywords: inheritance, cancellation of designation, PPJB, administrative defects