Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan L.) Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total dan Histopatologi Hepar Mencit Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Effect of Leaf Extract (Dimocarpus longan L.) on Total Cholesterol and Hepatic Histopathology in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemik kronis. Keadaan ini dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi metabolik, salah satunya gangguan metabolisme lipid yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol total. Kondisi hiperkolesterolemik dapat memicu kerusakan jaringan hepar. Daun kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan L.) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen antihiperkolesterolemik dan hepatoprotektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh ekstrak daun kelengkeng terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan histopatologi hepar pada mencit diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian menggunakan 24 mencit jantan strain DDY yang dikelompokkan menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (A), kontrol positif (B), metformin (C), ekstrak daun kelengkeng dosis 28 mg/kgBB (D), 42 mg/kgBB (E), dan 56 mg/kgBB (F). Induksi diabetes melitus tipe 2 menggunakan High Fat Diet (HFD) secara oral selama 14 hari dan dilanjut injeksi aloksan secara intraperitoneal. Pengukuran kadar kolesterol total menggunakan alat Cholesterol meter. Pembuatan preparat hepar dengan metode paraffin dan pewarnaan HE. Pengamatan histopatologi hepar dilakukan dengan mikroskop cahaya. Data hasil penelitian ini dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji one-way Anova dan uji post-hoc Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kelengkeng memiliki pengaruh signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan histopatologi hepar. Ekstrak daun kelengkeng dosis 56 mg/kgBB merupakan dosis paling baik terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan histopatologi hepar. Dengan demikian, ekstrak daun kelengkeng dapat berpotensi sebagai agen antihiperkolesterolemia dan hepatoprotektif pada kondisi diabetes melitus tipe 2. 

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemic conditions. This condition can lead to metabolic complications, one of which is lipid metabolism disorders characterised by increased total cholesterol levels. Hypercholesterolemic conditions can trigger liver tissue damage. Longan leaves (Dimocarpus longan L.) contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which have potential as antihypercholesterolemic and hepatoprotective agents. This study aims to identify the effects of longan leaf extract on total cholesterol levels and liver histopathology in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. The study used 24 male DDY strain mice divided into six groups: negative control (A), positive control (B), metformin (C), longan leaf extract at 28 mg/kg body weight (D), 42 mg/kg body weight (E), and 56 mg/kg body weight (F). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced using an oral High Fat Diet (HFD) for 14 days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan. Total cholesterol levels were measured using a cholesterol meter. Liver preparations were made using the paraffin method and HE staining. Histopathological observations of the liver were performed using a light microscope. The research data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post-hoc test. The results showed that longan leaf extract significantly affected (p<0.05) total cholesterol levels and liver histopathology. The 56 mg/kg body weight dose of longan leaf extract was the most effective dose for total cholesterol levels and liver histopathology. Thus, longan leaf extract has the potential as an antihypercholesterolemic and hepatoprotective agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus.