RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE PLTB HYBRID SAVONIUS-DARRIEUS DENGAN GENERATOR KUTUB MAGNET VARIABEL UNTUK PEMANFAATAN ENERGI ANGIN FLUKTUATIF

Design
and Development of a Savonius-Darrieus Hybrid Wind Turbine Prototype with a
Variable Magnetic Pole Generator for Harnessing Fluctuating Wind Energy

Pemanfaatan energi terbarukan, khususnya energi angin, menjadi kebutuhan mendesak seiring meningkatnya konsumsi energi dan keterbatasan sumber daya fosil. Indonesia memiliki potensi energi angin yang cukup besar, terutama di wilayah pesisir yang memiliki karakteristik angin fluktuatif. Untuk mengoptimalkan konversi energi angin fluktuatif menjadi energi listrik, penelitian ini merancang dan membangun prototype PLTB hybrid Savonius-Darrieus dengan generator kutub magnet variabel.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) yang meliputi studi literatur, perancangan desain 2D dan 3D, pembuatan prototype, serta pengujian fungsi. Data diambil melalui pengukuran langsung menggunakan anemometer dan multimeter, dengan variabel uji berupa variasi jumlah kutub magnet (2 dan 4) serta rasio pulley (2:1 dan 3:1).

Hasil rancang bangun memperoleh dimensi alat dengan panjang 100 cm, lebar 100 cm, dan tinggi 80 cm. Pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 4 kutub magnet dengan rasio pulley 3:1 menghasilkan daya tertinggi sebesar 0,18 Watt pada kecepatan angin 3,0 m/s. Sementara itu, konfigurasi 2 kutub magnet dengan rasio pulley 2:1 hanya mampu menghasilkan daya maksimum 0,04 Watt pada kecepatan angin 2,7 m/s. Sistem hybrid ini menunjukkan performa lebih stabil dibandingkan sistem turbin tunggal konvensional, serta mampu mulai berputar pada kecepatan angin rendah (sekitar 1,5 m/s).Kesimpulannya, prototype PLTB hybrid Savonius-Darrieus dengan generator kutub magnet variabel bisa dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai alternatif pembangkit listrik skala kecil di wilayah dengan potensi angin fluktuatif. Rekomendasi pengembangan meliputi optimasi sistem transmisi, desain aerodinamis bilah turbin, serta integrasi sistem penyimpanan daya yang lebih efisien.

The utilization of renewable energy, particularly wind energy, has become an urgent necessity due to increasing energy consumption and the depletion of fossil resources. Indonesia possesses significant wind energy potential, especially in coastal areas characterized by fluctuating wind conditions. To optimize the conversion of fluctuating wind energy into electricity, this study designs and develops a Savonius-Darrieus hybrid wind turbine prototype equipped with a variable magnetic pole generator.

This research employs a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, including literature studies, 2D and 3D design development, prototype fabrication, and functional testing. Data were collected through direct measurements using an anemometer and multimeter, with test variables including variations in the number of magnetic poles (2 and 4 poles) and pulley ratios (2:1 and 3:1).

The resulting prototype has dimensions of 100 cm in length, 100 cm in width, and 80 cm in height. Testing revealed that the combination of 4 magnetic poles with a 3:1 pulley ratio produced the highest power output of 0.18 Watts at a wind speed of 3.0 m/s. Meanwhile, the configuration with 2 magnetic poles and a 2:1 pulley ratio only achieved a maximum power output of 0.04 Watts at a wind speed of 2.7 m/s. The hybrid system demonstrated more stable performance compared to conventional single-turbine systems and was able to start rotating at lower wind speeds (approximately 1.5 m/s). In conclusion, the Savonius-Darrieus hybrid wind turbine prototype with a variable magnetic pole generator shows promising potential for further development as a small-scale electricity generation alternative in regions with fluctuating wind resources. Recommendations for future development include optimizing the transmission system, enhancing the aerodynamic design of the turbine blades, and integrating a more efficient energy storage system.