PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA MESIN KALOR SEDERHANA UNTUK MENENTUKAN NILAI EFISIENSI TERMAL SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PADA MATERI TERMODINAMIKA

DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE HEAT ENGINE DEMONSTRATOR TO DETERMINE THERMAL EFFICIENCY VALUES AS A LEARNING MEDIA FOR THERMODYNAMICS MATERIAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat peraga mesin kalor sederhana sebagai media pada pembelajaran fisika materi Hukum II Termodinamika. Kelayakan alat peraga dinilai berdasarkan penilaian validitas alat peraga oleh ahli, serta kepraktisan alat peraga yang dinilai berdasarkan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dan respon peserta didik terhadapnya di kelas XI SMA. Desain uji penelitian menggunakan one shot case study tanpa kelas pembanding dan tanpa pengukuran awal. Hasil penilaian validitas alat peraga diperoleh presentase validitas secara keseluruhan 89% dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil penilaian kepraktisan alat peraga diperoleh presentase 88,5% (sangat baik) berdasarkan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dan 91,2% berdasarkan respon peserta didik (sangat baik). Berdasarkan penilian validitas dan kepraktisan, alat peraga mesin kalor sederhana yang dikembangkan sangat layak untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Namun uji efektivitas alat peraga belum dilakukan, sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini belum cukup untuk menggambarkan kelayakan alat peraga yang dikembangkan secara keseluruan.

Kata Kunci: Mesin Kalor Sederhana, Kepraktisan, Validitas, Termodinamika

This study aims to develop a simple heat engine teaching aid as a media in physics lessons on the subject of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The feasibility of the teaching aid is assessed based on the validity evaluations by experts and the practicality of the teaching aid, which is judged based on the implementation of the lessons and the students' responses in Class XI B at SMAS Kartika IV-3 Surabaya. The research design used is a one-shot case study without a comparison class and without initial measurements. The instruments used include a validation sheet for the teaching aid, an observation sheet for the implementation of the lessons, and a student response questionnaire. The results of the teaching aid validity assessment showed an overall validity percentage of 89%, categorized as very valid. The practicality assessment results showed a percentage of 88.5% (very good) based on lesson implementation and 91.2% based on student responses (very good). Based on the validity and practicality assessments, the developed simple heat engine teaching aid is highly feasible to be used as a learning medium. However, the effectiveness of the teaching aid has not yet been tested, so the results of this study are not sufficient to fully describe the overall feasibility of the developed teaching aid.

Keywords : Simple Heat Engine, Practicality, Validity, Thermodynamics