DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND SUBALTERN TOWARD WOMEN CHARACTERS
AS FOUND IN TONI MORRISON’S THE BLUEST EYE AND BELOVED
ABSTRAK
Yuliana, Ichwati. 2020. Domestic Violence and Subaltern toward Women Characters as found in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Beloved. Tesis. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing: (I) Prof. Dr. Fabiola Dharmawanti Kurnia, M.Pd., dan (II) Dr. Ali Mustofa, M.Pd.
Kata Kunci: Violence, Domestic Violence, Subaltern, Women Oppression
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kekerasan domestic terhadap tokoh utama wanita, Pecola dan Sethe dalam novel Toni Morrison The Bluest Eye dan Beloved. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori subaltern dari Gayatri Spivak dan kekerasa domestik dari Ganely, untuk meneliti dan menjawab permasalahan. Kekeraan domestik akan dijelaskan secara mendalam berdasarkan macamnya seperti kekerasan seksual, kekeraan fisik, dan kekerasan psikologi dari tiap novel, The Bluest Eye and Beloved. Selain itu, dua tokoh utama wanita akan dianalisis melalui teori subaltern juga.
Hasi analisis menemukan bahwa Pecola dan Sethe, wanita kulit hitam, mengalami kekerasan domestik yang terwujud dalam kekerasan seksual, kekerasan fisik, dan kekerasan psikologi. Selanjutnya hasil analisis juga menemukan bahwa kekerasan domestik yang dialami tokoh utama wanita disebabkan karena mereka dianggap sebagai subaltern. Baik Pecola ataupun Sethe, mereka dipandang lebih rendah oleh komunitasnya karena mereka wanita yang dianggap tidak berdaya. Tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa pada awalnya Morison meyakini bahwa sumber utama penderitaan orang Afrika-Amerika adalah masalah ras dan warna kulit. Tetapi kemudian saat seiiring dengan munculnya Beloved, Morrison meyatakan bahwa kelas adalah peyebab lain dari penderitaan bagi orang kulit hitam seiring dengan ras. Apa yang masih ada diantara tahun keduanya adalah gambaran fenomena kekerasan. Tokoh utama wanita, Pecola dan Sethe mengalami trauma disebabkan pengalaman hidup yang menyeramkan dihidup mereka. Status wanita dalam novel ini adalah lemah, terabaikan, dan tidak masuk akal. Laki-laki dan sistem masyarakat telah membungkam suara mereka.
ABSTRACT
Yuliana, Ichwati. 2020. Domestic Violence and Subaltern toward Women Characters as found in Toni Morriosn’s The Bluest Eye and Beloved. Thesis. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing: (I) Prof. Dr. Fabiola Dharmawanti Kurnia, M.Pd., dan (II) Dr. Ali Mustofa, M.Pd.
Keywords: Subaltern, Violence, Domestic Violence, Women Oppression
This paper aims to reveal the domestic violence towards women characters, mainly women main characters, Pecola and Sethe in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Beloved. It employs subaltern theory by Gayatri Spivak and domestic violence theory by Ganely, to investigate and answer the problem. The domestic violence will be elaborated based on its kinds, such as sexual abuse, physical abuse, and psychological abuse in each novel, The Bluest Eye and Beloved. Besides, the two women main characters, Pecola and Sethe, will be analyzed through subaltern theory either.
The analysis discovers that Pecola and Sethe, the black women, suffer from domestic violence as manifested in sexual abuse, physical abuse, and psychological abuse. Moreover, the analysis also discovers that the domestic violence experienced by the women main characters since they are considered as subaltern. Both Pecola and Sethe are subordinated from the community because they are women who are considered as powerless. This paper concludes that in earlier Morrison believes that the primary source of African-American misery is race and color. But then, as she comes out with Beloved, she seems to indicate that class is another cause for the miseries of the blacks, along with race. What remains constantly in these years is the portrayal of the violence phenomena. The main woman character, Pecola and Sethe, are traumatized by the horrific experience of their life. The status of women is frail, neglected, and unreasonable. Men and society system have suppressed their voices silenced.