ANALISIS PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 52/PUU-XXII/2024 TERHADAP NETRALITAS PEJABAT NEGARA DALAM KAMPANYE PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH

ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NUMBER 52/PUU-XXII/2024 ON THE NEUTRALITY OF STATE OFFICIALS IN REGIONAL HEAD ELECTION CAMPAIGNS

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 52/PUU-XXII/2024 mengubah paradigma netralitas pejabat negara dalam kampanye Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) dengan mewajibkan cuti di luar tanggungan negara dan melarang penggunaan fasilitas jabatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ratio decidendi Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam putusan tersebut dan mengkaji akibat hukumnya terhadap kewajiban netralitas sebagaimana diatur dalam UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilu. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum primer meliputi UUD 1945, peraturan perundang-undangan terkait pemilu dan aparatur sipil negara, serta Putusan MK Nomor 52/PUU-XXII/2024. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis preskriptif untuk menguraikan argumentasi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ratio decidendi MK didasarkan pada prinsip netralitas negara sebagai prasyarat kesetaraan kompetisi demokratis melalui pendekatan hermeneutika konstitusional teleologis-progresif. Akibat hukum putusan ini adalah rekonstruksi makna netralitas dari konsep "izin kampanye" administratif-permisif menjadi "persyaratan substantif" yang lebih rigid, harmonisasi standar netralitas antara rezim pemilu dan pilkada, serta penguatan mekanisme penegakan hukum melalui sanksi administratif dan pidana. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan putusan ini memperkuat prinsip checks and balances dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Disarankan agar DPR dan Pemerintah merevisi UU 10/2016, KPU menyusun PKPU yang lebih komprehensif, dan Bawaslu meningkatkan kapasitas pengawasan netralitas pejabat negara.

Kata Kunci: Mahkamah Konstitusi, Netralitas Pejabat Negara, Pemilihan Kepala Daerah, Kampanye Pilkada, Aparatur Sipil Negara, Ratio Decidendi.

Constitutional Court Decision Number 52/PUU-XXII/2024 changes the paradigm of state officials' neutrality in regional head election (Pilkada) campaigns by requiring leave of absence without pay and prohibiting the use of official facilities. This study aims to analyze the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court in the decision and examine its legal implications for the obligation of neutrality as stipulated in Law No. 7 of 2017 on Elections. The research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution, laws and regulations related to elections and the civil service, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 52/PUU-XXII/2024. The analysis technique uses prescriptive analysis to describe the legal arguments. The results of the study show that the ratio decidendi of the Constitutional Court is based on the principle of state neutrality as a prerequisite for democratic competition equality through a teleological-progressive constitutional hermeneutics approach. The legal consequences of this decision are the reconstruction of the meaning of neutrality from the concept of administrative-permissive “campaign permits” to more rigid “substantive requirements,” the harmonization of neutrality standards between the election and regional election regimes, and the strengthening of law enforcement mechanisms through administrative and criminal sanctions. The conclusion of the study confirms that this decision strengthens the principle of checks and balances in the Indonesian constitutional system. It is recommended that the DPR and the Government revise Law No. 10/2016, the KPU draft a more comprehensive PKPU, and Bawaslu improve its capacity to oversee the neutrality of state officials.

Keywords: Constitutional Court, Neutrality of State Officials, Regional Head Elections, Election Campaigns, Civil Service, Ratio Decidendi.