Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Proses Pembelajaran di TPQ Al Manshurin III

Language Politeness in The Learning Process at TPQ Al Manshurin III

Abstrak

Penelitian ini membahas kesantunan berbahasa di TPQ Al Manshurin III. Difokuskan pada tuturan ustadz, ustadzah, dan santri. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini (1) bagaimana bentuk tuturan yang mematuhi prinsip kesantunan berbahasa di TPQ Al Manshurin III? dan (2) bagaimana bentuk tuturan yang melanggar prinsip kesantunan berbahasa di TPQ Al Manshurin III? Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitianya adalah 1 ustadz, 3 ustadzah, dan 25 santri dari kelas tilawati 1, tilawati 5, tilawati 6, dan pra remaja.  Metode pengumpulan data menerapkan metode simak. Teknik penelitian menggunakan teknik sadap, simak bebas libat cakap, rekam, dan catat. Metode normatif digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Teknik analisis data melalui tahap reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan maksim yang paling sering dipatuhi yaitu maksim kebijaksanaan, sebanyak 34 tuturan dari total 85 tuturan yang dipatuhi. Terlihat dari tuturan panjang ustadz dan ustadzah yang diguakan saat memberitahu atau menasehati santrinya. Maksim yang paling sering dilanggar adalah maksim kebijaksanaan yaitu sebanyak 17 tuturan dari 42 total tuturan yang melanggar. Pelanggaran ini sering muncul ketika (1) ustadz atau ustadzah memarahi santrinya, (2) ketika santri menegur kesalahan temannya dengan cara yang kurang baik (menghina), (3) dan ketika meminta bantuan.

Kata Kunci: kesantunan, maksim, ustadz, santri.

Abstract

This research discusses language politeness at TPQ Al Manshurin III. Focused on the speech of ustadz, ustadz, and students. The formulation of the research problem (1) is what is the form of speech that adheres to the principles of language politeness in TPQ Al Manshurin III? and (2) what is the form of speech that violates the principle of language politeness in TPQ Al Manshurin III? This research applies a qualitative approach. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were 1 ustadz, 3 ustadzah, and 25 students from classes tilawati 1, tilawati 5, tilawati 6, and pre-adolescents. The data collection method applies the see method. The research technique uses the tapping technique, listen, free to engage, talk, record, and take notes. The normative method was used to analyze the data. Data analysis techniques through the stages of reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study found that the maxim that was most often obeyed was the maxim of wisdom, as many as 34 utterances out of a total of 85 utterances that were obeyed. It can be seen from the long utterances of ustadz and ustadz that are used when telling or advising their students. The maxim that is most frequently violated is the maxim of wisdom, which is 17 utterances out of 42 total utterances that violate. This violation often occurs when (1) the ustadz or cleric scolds his students, (2) when the students reprimand their friends' mistakes in an unkind way (insulting), (3) and when they ask for help.